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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Seladelpar Lysine 928821-40-3 C27H41F3N2O9S
    Seladelpar Lysine
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-azaniumyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylate 7681-93-8 C33H47NO13
    (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-azaniumyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylate
    —— Adenosylcobalamin 13870-90-1 C72H100CoN18O17P-3
    Adenosylcobalamin
    —— N-[3-[(3-amino-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)amino]-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl]-2-[(1R,11Z,15S,18S,25S,26R,40S,46S,53S)-37-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-11-ethylidene-59-hydroxy-8-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-31-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-26,40,46-trimethyl-43-methylidene-6,9,16,23,28,38,41,44,47-nonaoxo-27-oxa-3,13,20,56-tetrathia-7,10,17,24,36,39,42,45,48,52,58,61,62,63,64-pentadecazanonacyclo[23.23.9.329,35.12,5.112,15.119,22.154,57.01,53.032,60]tetrahexaconta-2(64),4,12(63),19(62),21,29(61),30,32(60),33,51,54,57-dodecaen-51-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide 1393-48-2 C72H85N19O18S5
    N-[3-[(3-amino-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)amino]-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl]-2-[(1R,11Z,15S,18S,25S,26R,40S,46S,53S)-37-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18-[(2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-11-ethylidene-59-hydroxy-8-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-31-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-26,40,46-trimethyl-43-methylidene-6,9,16,23,28,38,41,44,47-nonaoxo-27-oxa-3,13,20,56-tetrathia-7,10,17,24,36,39,42,45,48,52,58,61,62,63,64-pentadecazanonacyclo[23.23.9.329,35.12,5.112,15.119,22.154,57.01,53.032,60]tetrahexaconta-2(64),4,12(63),19(62),21,29(61),30,32(60),33,51,54,57-dodecaen-51-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide
    —— (6R,7R)-3-(Carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(Z)-2-[2-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]pent-2-enoyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;N-propan-2-ylpropan-2-amine 153012-37-4 C29H43N5O8S2
    (6R,7R)-3-(Carbamoyloxymethyl)-7-[[(Z)-2-[2-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]pent-2-enoyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;N-propan-2-ylpropan-2-amine
    —— tigilanol tiglate 943001-56-7 C30H42O10
    tigilanol tiglate
    —— Elubiol 67914-69-6 C27H30Cl2N4O5
    Elubiol
    —— Aluminum;bismuth;oxygen(2-) 12284-76-3 AlBiO3
    Aluminum;bismuth;oxygen(2-)
    —— (5S,5aR,8aR,9R)-5-[(7,8-dihydroxy-2-thiophen-2-yl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl)oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one 29767-20-2 C32H32O13S
    (5S,5aR,8aR,9R)-5-[(7,8-dihydroxy-2-thiophen-2-yl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl)oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one
    —— nonactin 6833-84-7 C40H64O12
    nonactin
    —— rifamycin B 2750-76-7 C43H58N2O13
    rifamycin B
    —— Rifamid 2750-76-7 C43H58N2O13
    Rifamid
    —— (5S,5aR,8aR,9R)-5-[(7,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl)oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-isobenzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one 33419-42-0 C29H32O13
    (5S,5aR,8aR,9R)-5-[(7,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl)oxy]-9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5a,6,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-isobenzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one
    —— N-[4-(9-acridinylmethyl)-3-methoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide 51264-14-3 C22H20N2O3S
    N-[4-(9-acridinylmethyl)-3-methoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide
    —— 7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 84957-29-9 C22H22N6O5S2
    7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— S-(fluoromethyl) 6,9-difluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17-carbothioate 90566-53-3 C22H27F3O4S
    S-(fluoromethyl) 6,9-difluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17-carbothioate
    —— Rosamicin 35834-26-5 C31H51NO9
    Rosamicin
    —— (Dhqd)2aqn 176097-24-8 C54H56N4O6
    (Dhqd)2aqn
    —— Monensin A 17090-79-8 C36H62O11
    Monensin A
    —— Monensin 17090-79-8 C36H62O11
    Monensin
    —— 2-Pyrimidinamine, 1,6-dihydro-6-imino-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-(sulfooxy)- 83701-22-8 C9H15N5O4S
    2-Pyrimidinamine, 1,6-dihydro-6-imino-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-(sulfooxy)-
    —— lumefantrine 82186-77-4 C30H32Cl3NO
    lumefantrine
    —— (S)-oxprenolol 22972-96-9 C15H23NO3
    (S)-oxprenolol
    —— (Z)-7-[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]sulfanyl-2-[[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]hept-2-enoic acid 82009-34-5 C16H26N2O5S
    (Z)-7-[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]sulfanyl-2-[[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl]amino]hept-2-enoic acid
    —— bis{1-{4-[(2-isopropoxyethoxy)methyl]phenoxy}-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol} (2E)-but-2-enedioic acid 104344-23-2 C40H66N2O12
    bis{1-{4-[(2-isopropoxyethoxy)methyl]phenoxy}-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol} (2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
    —— Nisvastatin 147526-32-7 C50H46CaF2N2O8
    Nisvastatin
    —— Prochlorperazine bimaleate 84-02-6 C28H32ClN3O8S
    Prochlorperazine bimaleate
    —— Gatifloxacin sesquihydrate 180200-66-2 C38H50F2N6O11
    Gatifloxacin sesquihydrate
    —— (2E,4E,6E,8E)-10-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-methoxy-4-[(2R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl]oxy]-10-oxodeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid 23110-15-8 C26H34O7
    (2E,4E,6E,8E)-10-[[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-methoxy-4-[(2R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl]oxy]-10-oxodeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid
    —— Spiramycin II 24916-51-6 C45H76N2O15
    Spiramycin II
    —— Foradil (TN) 43229-80-7 C42H52N4O12
    Foradil (TN)
    —— Emedastine Difumarate 87233-62-3 C25H34N4O9
    Emedastine Difumarate
    —— Leucomycin V, 9-O-((2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)-, 3-acetate 24916-51-6 C45H76N2O15
    Leucomycin V, 9-O-((2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)-, 3-acetate
    —— (2R,3S,4S,5R)-1,6-dibromohexane-2,3,4,5-tetrol 488-41-5 C6H12Br2O4
    (2R,3S,4S,5R)-1,6-dibromohexane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
    —— Isoptpo Hyoscine 51-34-3 C17H21NO4
    Isoptpo Hyoscine
    —— Doxacurium Chloride 106819-53-8 C56H78Cl2N2O16
    Doxacurium Chloride
    —— (5E)-1beta-hydroxy-3-epivitamin D3/(5E)-1beta-hydroxy-3-epicholecalciferol 41294-56-8 C27H44O2
    (5E)-1beta-hydroxy-3-epivitamin D3/(5E)-1beta-hydroxy-3-epicholecalciferol
    —— Diminazene aceturate 908-54-3 C22H29N9O6
    Diminazene aceturate
    —— Spiramycin I 8025-81-8 C43H74N2O14
    Spiramycin I
    —— troleandomycin (TAO) 2751-09-9 C41H67NO15
    troleandomycin (TAO)
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 124-87-8 C30H34O13
    (1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— nystatine A1 1400-61-9 C47H75NO17
    nystatine A1
    —— (19E,21E,25E,27E,29E,31E)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,7,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,25,27,29,31-hexaene-36-carboxylic acid 1400-61-9 C47H75NO17
    (19E,21E,25E,27E,29E,31E)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,7,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,25,27,29,31-hexaene-36-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,14bR)-10-(3-carboxypropanoyloxy)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid 5697-56-3 C34H50O7
    (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,14bR)-10-(3-carboxypropanoyloxy)-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Propane-1,2,3-triyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate), stereoisomer 8001-79-4 C57H104O9
    Propane-1,2,3-triyl tris(12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate), stereoisomer
    —— 6,7-Dimethyl-3-[(methyl{2-[methyl({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-indol-3-YL}methyl)amino]ethyl}amino)methyl]-4H-chromen-4-one 869998-49-2 C32H32F3N3O2
    6,7-Dimethyl-3-[(methyl{2-[methyl({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-indol-3-YL}methyl)amino]ethyl}amino)methyl]-4H-chromen-4-one
    —— Cinnarazine 298-57-7 C26H28N2
    Cinnarazine
    —— Antibiotic M 4365A2 35834-26-5 C31H51NO9
    Antibiotic M 4365A2
    —— 3'-(L-alpha-Amino-p-methoxyhydrocinnamamido)-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyladenosine dihydrochloride 58-58-2 C22H30ClN7O5
    3'-(L-alpha-Amino-p-methoxyhydrocinnamamido)-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyladenosine dihydrochloride
    —— Bisantrene 71439-68-4 C22H22N8
    Bisantrene