原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | Monensin sodium salt | 22373-78-0 | C36H61O11*Na |
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—— | furoxime | 64544-07-6 | C20H22N4O10S |
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—— | (-)-huperzine A | 102518-79-6 | C15H18N2O |
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—— | (+)-sparteine | 90-39-1 | C15H26N2 |
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—— | decanoyl-Trp-D-Asn-Asp-Thr(1)-Gly-Orn-Asp-D-Ala-Asp-Gly-D-Ser-Glu(3S-Me)-Asp(Ph(2-NH2))-(1) | 103060-53-3 | C72H101N17O26 |
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—— | 7A-Methyl-19-nortestosterone | 3764-87-2 | C19H28O2 |
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—— | 5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-2-[4-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric acid | 1405-10-3 | C23H48N6O17S |
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—— | Carminomycin I | 50935-04-1 | C26H27NO10 |
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—— | cis-(Z)-flupentixol dihydrochloride | 51529-01-2 | C23H25F3N2OS*2ClH |
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—— | sulfadimethoxine sodium | 1037-50-9 | C12H13N4O4S*Na |
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—— | (R)-Timolol (maleate) | 26791-17-3 | C17H28N4O7S |
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—— | Tremortin A | 12627-35-9 | C37H44ClNO6 |
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—— | [6-[2-chloro-1-[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylsulfanyloxan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate | 24729-96-2 | C18H34ClN2O8PS |
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—— | [(1S,12S,26S)-5,6',12-trihydroxy-6,7'-dimethoxy-7,21,30-trimethyl-27-oxospiro[17,19,28-trioxa-24-thia-13,30-diazaheptacyclo[12.9.6.13,11.02,13.04,9.015,23.016,20]triaconta-4(9),5,7,15,20,22-hexaene-26,1'-3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinoline]-22-yl] acetate | 114899-77-3 | C39H43N3O11S |
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—— | (2R,4S,4aR)-3,4,8,10-tetrahydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methoxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]isochromen-6-one | 477-90-7 | C14H16O9 |
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—— | probenecid sodium salt | 23795-03-1 | C13H18NO4S*Na |
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—— | Lillyl 99094 | 59917-39-4 | C49H71N5O17S |
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—— | Icig 1105; NSC 279194; rfcnu | 55102-44-8 | C18H21ClN4O9 |
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—— | Kmpwyeupvwopim-pswnhghysa- | 485-71-2 | C19H22N2O |
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—— | Metaprel | 5874-97-5 | C22H36N2O10S |
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—— | blasticidin S | 2079-00-7 | C17H26N8O5 |
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—— | gentamicin C1 | 1403-66-3 | C21H43N5O7 |
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—— | disodium;[2,7-dibromo-9-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-4-yl]mercury;hydrate | 129-16-8 | C20H9Br2HgNa2O6 |
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—— | polyoxin B | 19396-06-6 | C17H25N5O13 |
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—— | (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;[2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]-propan-2-ylazanium | 56392-17-7 | C34H56N2O12 |
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—— | Trimeprazine Tartrate | 4330-99-8 | C40H50N4O6S2 |
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—— | Trimetaphan camsylate | 68-91-7 | C32H40N2O5S2 |
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—— | Quinidine Sulfate | 50-54-4 | C40H50N4O8S |
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—— | [(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-7H-purin-9-ium-9-yl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl]methanol;sulfate | 188062-50-2 | C28H38N12O6S |
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—— | Leuprorelin acetate | 74381-53-6 | C61H88N16O14 |
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—— | (1R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid | 7681-93-8 | C33H47NO13 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17S,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 20562-02-1 | C45H73NO15 |
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—— | (6R,7R)-7-((Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-((6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-yl)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 84957-29-9 | C22H22N6O5S2 |
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—— | 3-acetamido-5-[acetyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-N-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]benzamide | 31112-62-6 | C18H22I3N3O8 |
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—— | Zinc;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate | 4468-02-4 | C12H22O14Zn |
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—— | [3-[[2-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-2-methoxypropyl]mercury;hydrate | 486-67-9 | C13H18HgNO6 |
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—— | (3S)-4-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[3-(2-methylpropoxycarbonylamino)propanoylamino]propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid | 5534-95-2 | C37H49N7O9S |
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—— | but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ylamino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide | 43229-80-7 | C42H52N4O12 |
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—— | argatroban | 121785-71-5 | C23H36N6O5S |
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—— | [(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R,16R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,4R,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-dien-4-yl] propanoate | 35457-80-8 | C41H67NO15 |
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—— | (1R,3S)-5-[2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylenecyclohexane-1,3-diol | 41294-56-8 | C27H44O2 |
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—— | (2R,3'R,3aR,4S,4'R,5'R,6R,6'S,7aS)-4-[(1R,2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-2,6-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]oxy-6'-[(1S)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)spiro[4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]pyran-2,2'-oxane]-3',4',5',7-tetrol | 31282-04-9 | C20H37N3O13 |
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—— | Tyrothricin | 1404-88-2 | C65H85N11O13 |
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—— | cefotiam hexetil dihydrochloride | 95789-30-3 | C27H37N9O7S3*2ClH |
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—— | Atroscine | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
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—— | (2S)-3-amino-N-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-4-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-[(3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-2-hydroxy-propanamide | 58152-03-7 | C22H43N5O12 |
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—— | beta-Artemether | 71963-77-4 | C16H26O5 |
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—— | (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one | 83905-01-5 | C38H72N2O12 |
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—— | dihydroartemisinin | 71939-50-9 | C15H24O5 |
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—— | MMV637229 | 7723-51-5 | C21H26ClNO |
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