原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-二甲基-6-(5-甲基-3-苯基-4-�f唑基甲酰氨基)-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-甲酸钠盐一水合物 | Oxacillin sodium monohydrate | 7240-38-2 | C19H21N3NaO6S |
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(2S,4r)-4-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]-1,2-吡咯烷二羧酸 2-甲基 1-[(4-硝基苯基)甲基]酯 | (2S,4R)-4-mesyloxy-1-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 138324-82-0 | C15H18N2O9S |
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(2S)-2-苄基-3-(顺式全氢异吲哚-2-羰基)丙酸钙二水合物 | Calcium (S)-2-benzyl-4-((3aR,7aS)-octahydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-4-oxobutanoate dihydrate | 207844-01-7 | C38H52CaN2O8 |
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(2R-反式)-3-(乙酰氧基)-5-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-2,3-二氢-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓-4(5H)-酮单盐酸盐 | trans-3-(acetoxy)-5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one hydrochloride | 103532-27-0 | C22H26N2O4S*ClH |
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(2R,3S)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-1-氧代-4-嘧啶基)-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-丁醇 | UK-121265 | 618109-05-0 | C16H14F3N5O2 |
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(2R,3R)-2,3-二羟基丁二酸;3-己氧基-4-(1-甲基-3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-5-基)-1,2,5-噻二唑 | xanomeline tartrate | 152854-19-8 | C4H6O6*C14H23N3OS |
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(2R)-1-[(2R)-3-[2-(环己基甲酰氨基)丙酰硫]-2-甲基丙酰基]吡咯烷-2-甲酸 | Moveltipril | 85856-54-8 | C19H30N2O5S |
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(2E,11Α,13E,15S,17S)-11,15-二羟基-17,20-二甲基-9-氧代前列-2,13-二烯-1-酸(2E,11Α,13E,15S,17S)-11,15-DIHYDROXY-17,20-DIMETHYL-9-OXOPROSTA-2,13-DIEN-1-OICACID | limaprost | 74397-12-9 | C22H36O5 |
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(2-氨基-3-(4-溴苯甲酰)苯基)乙酸钠 | Bromfenac Sodium Sesquihydrate | 120638-55-3 | C30H28Br2N2Na2O9 |
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(1α,2&#x3B2,4α)-2-甲基-6-(1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)环己烷-1-酮 | Boc-wld-NH2 | 99777-81-8 | C26H37N5O7 |
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(1S,2S)-2-苯基环丙胺 | rac-cis-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine | 54-97-7 | C9H11N |
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(1R,2S)-2-苯基环丙胺 | (1R,2S)-1-amino-2-phenylcyclopropane | 3721-26-4 | C9H11N |
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(-)-棉子素 | (rac)-gossypol | 20300-26-9 | C30H30O8 |
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(-)-伊洛福芬 | Irofulven | 158440-71-2 | C15H18O3 |
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(-)-4-溴四咪唑草酸盐 | (-)-p-bromotetramisole oxalate | 62284-79-1 | C2H2O4*C11H11BrN2S |
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(+/-)-双氮奋兴 | (-)-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 67165-56-4 | C17H17Cl2NO |
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(+)-鹰爪豆碱 | sparteine | 492-08-0 | C15H26N2 |
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(+)-荷包牡丹碱 | bicuculline | 485-49-4 | C20H17NO6 |
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(+)-5-反式-氯前列醇 | D-Cloprostenol | 57968-81-7 | C22H29ClO6 |
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—— | H-Pyr-DL-His-Pro-NH2 | 24305-27-9 | C16H22N6O4 |
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—— | Manganese, monosulfate, monohydrate | 10034-96-5 | H2MnO5S-2 |
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—— | H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-DL-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Arg-Glu-Gly-Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-NH2 | 108153-74-8 | C130H220N44O40 |
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—— | 6054-98-4 | C14H10N2NaO6 |
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—— | [(8S,9S,10R,11R,13S,14S,17R)-11-Hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] butanoate | 1231185-35-5 | C25H36O6 |
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—— | 28002-18-8 | C16H18N2NaO7S2 |
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—— | sodium taurocholate | 145-42-6 | C26H44NO7S*Na |
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—— | Sodium taurocholate hydrate | 312693-83-7 | C26H47NNaO8S |
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—— | 6000-74-4 | C21H31NaO8P |
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—— | sodium;1-[(E)-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]imidazolidine-2,4-dione | 24868-20-0 | C14H10N4NaO5+ |
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—— | D-Sorbose | 470-15-5 | C6H12O6 |
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—— | Metalcaptase | 52-67-5 | C5H13NO2S |
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—— | Calcium folinate | 58-05-9 | C20H23CaN7O7+2 |
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—— | Zn(β-alanyl-L-histidine) | 107667-60-7 | C9H12N4O3*Zn |
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—— | 1-methyl-2-(nitrosomethylidene)pyridine;iodide | 94-63-3 | C7H8N2O*I |
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—— | 82385-42-0 | C7H9NNaO4S |
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—— | Collagens | 9007-34-5 | C25H48N4O5 |
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—— | ferroheme b | 14875-96-8 | C34H32N4O4*Fe |
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—— | Pharmakon1600-01500360 | 25389-94-0 | C18H38N4O15S |
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—— | potassium;6-[(11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl)oxy]-5-(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate | 68039-19-0 | C42H61KO16 |
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—— | Conjugated Estrogen sodium | 12126-59-9 | C18H19NaO5S |
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—— | Dextrothyroxine Sodium | 137-53-1 | C15H12I4NNaO5 |
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—— | 3-Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
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—— | Pharmakon1600-01500420 | 7177-50-6 | C21H22N2NaO5S+ |
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—— | vitamin D<sub>2</sub> | 137174-35-7 | C28H44O |
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—— | Envacar | 5714-04-5 | C20H28N6O8S |
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—— | but-2-enedioic acid;2-methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-8-amine | 32795-47-4 | C20H22N2O4 |
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—— | Aminohippurate Sodium | 94-16-6 | C9H9N2NaO3 |
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—— | 2-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid | 5490-27-7 | C42H88N14O36S3 |
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—— | Sodium;1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-olate;dihydrate | 6155-57-3 | C7H8NNaO5S |
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—— | (+/-)-(1RS,4SR)acetic acid 4-acetylamido-cyclopent-2-enyl-methyl ester | 61865-50-7 | C10H15NO3 |
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