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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,3s,5S)-3-(3-Isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 423165-07-5 C13H22N4
    (1R,3s,5S)-3-(3-Isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
    —— Budesonid 51333-22-3 C25H34O6
    Budesonid
    —— Clindamycin-2-palmitat-hydrochlorid 25507-04-4 C34H63ClN2O6S*ClH
    Clindamycin-2-palmitat-hydrochlorid
    —— (+)-1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-piperidino-propan-1-ol 144-11-6 C20H31NO
    (+)-1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-piperidino-propan-1-ol
    —— trans-hexahydro-8-(3-indolylcarbonyloxy)-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-3(4H)-one base 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    trans-hexahydro-8-(3-indolylcarbonyloxy)-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-3(4H)-one base
    —— [(3S,7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    [(3S,7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    —— [(7S)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    [(7S)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    —— [(7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    [(7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    —— pancuronium bromide 15500-66-0 2Br*C35H60N2O4
    pancuronium bromide
    —— tiotropium bromide 136310-93-5 Br*C19H22NO4S2
    tiotropium bromide
    —— Nitrofurantoin 67-20-9 C8H6N4O5
    Nitrofurantoin
    —— Nicergolin 27848-84-6 C24H26BrN3O3
    Nicergolin
    —— estradiol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    estradiol
    —— tazobactam sodium 89785-84-2 C10H11N4O5S*Na
    tazobactam sodium
    —— sodium piperacillin 59703-84-3 C23H26N5O7S*Na
    sodium piperacillin
    —— tazobactam 89786-04-9 C10H12N4O5S
    tazobactam
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol
    —— β-estradiol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    β-estradiol
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol
    —— misoprostol 59122-46-2 C22H38O5
    misoprostol
    —— Nanchangmycin 65101-87-3 C47H77NaO14
    Nanchangmycin
    —— naloxone 465-65-6 C19H21NO4
    naloxone
    —— sodium sulbactam 69388-84-7 C8H10NO5S*Na
    sodium sulbactam
    —— Doripenem side-chain 491878-06-9 C20H28N4O9S2
    Doripenem side-chain
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-3-acetoxymethyl-7<i>t</i>-((<i>R</i>)-5-amino-5-carboxy-pentanoylamino)-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 61-24-5 C16H21N3O8S
    (6<i>R</i>)-3-acetoxymethyl-7<i>t</i>-((<i>R</i>)-5-amino-5-carboxy-pentanoylamino)-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (+/-)-alloerythro-1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-<(4-phenyl-butyl-(2)-amino>-propanol-(1) 447-41-6 C19H25NO2
    (+/-)-alloerythro-1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-<(4-phenyl-butyl-(2)-amino>-propanol-(1)
    —— (1<i>RS</i>,2<i>SR</i>)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-((<i>SR</i>)-1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-propan-1-ol 447-41-6 C19H25NO2
    (1<i>RS</i>,2<i>SR</i>)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-((<i>SR</i>)-1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-propan-1-ol
    —— (1<i>RS</i>,2<i>SR</i>)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-((<i>RS</i>)-1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-propan-1-ol 447-41-6 C19H25NO2
    (1<i>RS</i>,2<i>SR</i>)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-((<i>RS</i>)-1-methyl-3-phenyl-propylamino)-propan-1-ol
    —— Dilatol 447-41-6 C19H25NO2
    Dilatol
    —— calcium hypochlorite 7778-54-3 Ca*2ClO
    calcium hypochlorite
    —— sodium hypochlorite 7681-52-9 ClO*Na
    sodium hypochlorite
    —— gemifloxacin mesylate 210353-53-0 CH4O3S*C18H20FN5O4
    gemifloxacin mesylate
    —— Homatropine 87-00-3 C16H21NO3
    Homatropine
    —— warfarin 129-06-6 C19H15O4*Na
    warfarin
    —— 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-heptadecafluorohexadecane 6145-05-7 C16H17F17
    1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-heptadecafluorohexadecane
    —— cefamandole nafate 42540-40-9 C19H17N6O6S2*Na
    cefamandole nafate
    —— (7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 65085-01-0 C16H17N9O5S3
    (7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— pyrithioxin dihydrochloride 10049-83-9 C16H20N2O4S2*2ClH
    pyrithioxin dihydrochloride
    —— (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 65085-01-0 C16H17N9O5S3
    (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Rabeprazole sodium 117976-90-6 C18H20N3O3S*Na
    Rabeprazole sodium
    —— imatinib mesylate 220127-57-1 CH4O3S*C29H31N7O
    imatinib mesylate
    —— Santonin 481-06-1 C15H18O3
    Santonin
    —— 3,5a,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,5a-tetrahydro-3H,9bH-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,8-dione 481-06-1 C15H18O3
    3,5a,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,5a-tetrahydro-3H,9bH-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— sodium sulfadiazine 547-32-0 C10H9N4O2S*Na
    sodium sulfadiazine
    —— carvedilol oxalate 72956-09-3 C2H2O4*C24H26N2O4
    carvedilol oxalate
    —— cefditoren sodium 104146-53-4 C19H17N6O5S3*Na
    cefditoren sodium
    —— 6β-Hydroxyhyoscyamine 17659-49-3 C17H23NO4
    6β-Hydroxyhyoscyamine
    —— L-tropic acid-((1Ξ)-6<i>exo</i>-hydroxy-tropane-3<i>endo</i>-yl ester) 17659-49-3 C17H23NO4
    L-tropic acid-((1Ξ)-6<i>exo</i>-hydroxy-tropane-3<i>endo</i>-yl ester)
    —— thiostrepton 1393-48-2 C72H85N19O18S5
    thiostrepton
    —— [(2R,3R,4R,6S)-6-[[(6S,7S)-6-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-[(4R,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(1S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl]-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate 7059-24-7 C57H82O26
    [(2R,3R,4R,6S)-6-[[(6S,7S)-6-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-[(4R,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(1S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl]-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate