原料药,通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂,才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此,我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。
根据来源不同,原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。
化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物(个别为元素),例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等;而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料,通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物,如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。
天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的,属于生物化学范畴;近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中,有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高,是化学制药工业的主要支柱。
由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量,因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | cis-Chlorprothixene hydrochloride | 2461-06-5 | C18H19Cl2NS |
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—— | (-)-Scopolamine hydrobromide | 114-49-8 | C17H22BrNO4 |
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—— | (17E,19E,21E,23E,25E)-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,27-octahydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)-17,28-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one | 480-49-9 | C35H58O11 |
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—— | Cytochalasin H | 53760-19-3 | C30H39NO5 |
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—— | 2-[5-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl)oxy]-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride | 51938-42-2 | C45H73ClNO15- |
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—— | 2-[(2S,6R)-6-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl]-1-phenylethanone | 90-69-7 | C22H27NO2 |
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—— | (+)-geldanamycin | 30562-34-6 | C29H40N2O9 |
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—— | Sodium 4-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-5-yl)butanoate | 88475-69-8 | C24H29NaO5 |
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—— | cerivastatin sodium | 143201-11-0 | C26H33FNO5*Na |
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—— | 7-[[(Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 97519-39-6 | C15H14N4O6S2 |
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—— | Calcium 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate | 18016-24-5 | C12H22CaO14 |
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—— | Cytochalasin B-CASMI2016 Category 1-Challenge 3 | 14930-96-2 | C29H37NO5 |
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—— | Disodium beta-glycerophosphate | 819-83-0 | C3H7Na2O6P |
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—— | Diazomycin B | 7644-67-9 | C17H23N7O8 |
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—— | Iron;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid | 299-29-6 | C12H24FeO14 |
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—— | (2R,4R)-1-[5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)sulfonylamino]pentanoyl]-4-methylpiperidine-2-carboxylic acid | 74863-84-6 | C23H36N6O5S |
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—— | (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S)-4,8-dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-16-[1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-1-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione | 189453-10-9 | C27H41NO5S |
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—— | (6R,7R)-7-[(2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetyl)amino]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;dihydrate | 31828-50-9 | C16H23N3O6S |
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—— | 1-[Amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexadeuteriopropan-2-yl)guanidine | 500-92-5 | C11H16ClN5 |
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—— | N-[(6S,12S,15S,16S,19R,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10S,11S,12E,17E,19E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone | 11006-76-1 | C71H84N10O17 |
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—— | ansamitocin P 3' | 66547-09-9 | C32H43ClN2O9 |
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—— | 7-{2-(2-Amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-carboxymethoxyimino]-acetylamino}-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 72701-01-0 | C15H15N5O7S2 |
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—— | [2-[2-[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[[5-[[1-[2-[4-[4-(3-dimethylsulfoniopropylcarbamoyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]ethylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxymethanimidate;sulfuric acid | 9041-93-4 | C55H85N17O25S4 |
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—— | 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid calcium salt hydrate | 1492-18-8 | C20H23CaN7O8 |
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—— | (4R)-4-[(3R,5R,6S,10R,13R,17R)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid | 83-49-8 | C24H40O4 |
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—— | Methylhesperidin | 11013-97-1 | C29H36O15 |
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—— | Dtxcid7028691 | 337-03-1 | C21H29FO4 |
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—— | 17-beta-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-alpha-androstan-3-one | 434-07-1 | C21H32O3 |
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—— | Zinc Oxide | 55204-38-1 | OZn |
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—— | Unii-S7RL72610R | 12542-36-8 | C33H36O9 |
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—— | Furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 9-[[4,6-O-(1R)-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R,5aR,8aR,9S)- | 33419-42-0 | C29H32O13 |
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—— | N-Demethyllincomycin | 2256-16-8 | C17H32N2O6S |
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—— | Lincocin | 859-18-7 | C18H35ClN2O6S |
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—— | 22-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid | 7681-93-8 | C33H47O13N |
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—— | (R)-[(2S,4R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid;dihydrate | 6119-70-6 | C40H54N4O10S |
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—— | carbamic acid [(3R,5S,6R,7S,10S,11S)-6-hydroxy-5,11,21-trimethoxy-3,7,9,15-tetramethyl-16,20,22-trioxo-17-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),8,12,14,18-pentaen-10-yl] ester | 30562-34-6 | C29H40N2O9 |
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—— | (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride | 75738-58-8 | C32H35ClN18O10S6 |
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—— | 2-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid | 3810-74-0 | C42H84N14O36S3 |
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—— | itraconazole | 110588-57-3 | C35H38F2N8O4 |
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—— | 4-acetamidobenzoic acid;9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one;1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol | 36703-88-5 | C24H34N6O9 |
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—— | Sodium antimonyl L-tartrate | 34521-09-0 | C8H4Na2O12Sb2 |
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—— | prednisolone sodium succinate | 1715-33-9 | C25H31O8*Na |
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—— | (6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid;hydrogen sulfate | 98753-19-6 | C22H24N6O9S3 |
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—— | Glymidine sodium | 3459-20-9 | C13H14N3NaO4S |
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—— | 6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
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—— | Agrimophol | 65792-05-4 | C26H34O8 |
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—— | sodium;(6R,7R)-7-[[2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 68401-82-1 | C13H12N5NaO5S2 |
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—— | Staphcillin | 7246-14-2 | C17H21N2NaO7S |
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—— | Azithromycin hydrate | 117772-70-0 | C38H76N2O14 |
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—— | 2-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid | 1425-61-2 | C21H43N7O16S |
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