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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,2-O-[(S)-2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl]-α-D-galactofuranose 15879-93-3 C8H11Cl3O6
    1,2-O-[(S)-2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl]-α-D-galactofuranose
    —— sodium; 4-cyclohexyl-1-{[(2-methyl-1-propionyloxy-propoxy)-(4-phenyl-butyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate 88889-14-9 C30H45NO7P*Na
    sodium; 4-cyclohexyl-1-{[(2-methyl-1-propionyloxy-propoxy)-(4-phenyl-butyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate
    —— 6,10,14,18-tetramethyl-5,9,13,17-ninotetraeneten-2-one 6809-52-5 C23H38O
    6,10,14,18-tetramethyl-5,9,13,17-ninotetraeneten-2-one
    —— diphenine sodium 630-93-3 C15H12N2O2*Na
    diphenine sodium
    —— chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 3697-42-5 C22H30Cl2N10*2ClH
    chlorhexidine dihydrochloride
    —— 9-fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16β-methyl-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 50-02-2 C22H29FO5
    9-fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16β-methyl-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
    —— dexamethasone 50-02-2 C22H29FO5
    dexamethasone
    —— betamethasone 50-02-2 C22H29FO5
    betamethasone
    —— (9R,16R,17R)-9-Fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 50-02-2 C22H29FO5
    (9R,16R,17R)-9-Fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— 1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 14009-24-6 C24H31NO4
    1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
    —— drotaverine 14009-24-6 C24H31NO4
    drotaverine
    —— 1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride 14009-24-6 C24H31NO4*ClH
    1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride
    —— ampicillin sodium 69-52-3 C16H18N3O4S*Na
    ampicillin sodium
    —— cloxacillin sodium salt monohydrate 7081-44-9 C19H17ClN3O5S*H2O*Na
    cloxacillin sodium salt monohydrate
    —— faropenem sodium 122547-49-3 C12H14NO5S*Na
    faropenem sodium
    —— ritodrine hydrochloride 4142-14-7 C17H21NO3*ClH
    ritodrine hydrochloride
    —— somatostatin 38916-34-6 C76H104N18O19S2
    somatostatin
    —— rilmenidine hemifumarate 54187-04-1 C4H4O4*2C10H16N2O
    rilmenidine hemifumarate
    —— (-)-7-[(7S)-7-amino-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl]-8-chloro-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluoro-1-cyclopropyl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid 127254-12-0 C19H18ClF2N3O3
    (-)-7-[(7S)-7-amino-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-yl]-8-chloro-6-fluoro-1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluoro-1-cyclopropyl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
    —— (+)-2-cyano-10-(3-dimethylamino-2-methylpropyl)phenothiazine 3546-03-0 C19H21N3S
    (+)-2-cyano-10-(3-dimethylamino-2-methylpropyl)phenothiazine
    —— Nystatin A1 34786-70-4 C47H75NO17
    Nystatin A1
    —— cefatoxime sodium 64485-93-4 C16H16N5O7S2*Na
    cefatoxime sodium
    —— (6<i>R</i>)-3-acetoxymethyl-7<i>t</i>-[2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(<i>Z</i>)-methoxyimino-acetylamino]-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 60846-21-1 C16H17N5O7S2
    (6<i>R</i>)-3-acetoxymethyl-7<i>t</i>-[2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(<i>Z</i>)-methoxyimino-acetylamino]-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-D-iditol-2,5-dinitrat 87-33-2 C6H8N2O8
    1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-D-iditol-2,5-dinitrat
    —— Amantadine 768-94-5 C10H17N
    Amantadine
    —— 10R,1'R-Aloin 1415-73-2 C21H22O9
    10R,1'R-Aloin
    —— 4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[(1R,5S)-3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxamide 376348-65-1 C29H41F2N5O
    4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[(1R,5S)-3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,3s,5S)-3-(3-Isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 423165-07-5 C13H22N4
    (1R,3s,5S)-3-(3-Isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
    —— Budesonid 51333-22-3 C25H34O6
    Budesonid
    —— Clindamycin-2-palmitat-hydrochlorid 25507-04-4 C34H63ClN2O6S*ClH
    Clindamycin-2-palmitat-hydrochlorid
    —— (+)-1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-piperidino-propan-1-ol 144-11-6 C20H31NO
    (+)-1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-piperidino-propan-1-ol
    —— trans-hexahydro-8-(3-indolylcarbonyloxy)-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-3(4H)-one base 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    trans-hexahydro-8-(3-indolylcarbonyloxy)-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-3(4H)-one base
    —— [(3S,7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    [(3S,7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    —— [(7S)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    [(7S)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    —— [(7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate 115956-12-2 C19H20N2O3
    [(7R)-10-oxo-8-azatricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-5-yl] 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
    —— pancuronium bromide 15500-66-0 2Br*C35H60N2O4
    pancuronium bromide
    —— tiotropium bromide 136310-93-5 Br*C19H22NO4S2
    tiotropium bromide
    —— Nitrofurantoin 67-20-9 C8H6N4O5
    Nitrofurantoin
    —— Nicergolin 27848-84-6 C24H26BrN3O3
    Nicergolin
    —— estradiol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    estradiol
    —— tazobactam sodium 89785-84-2 C10H11N4O5S*Na
    tazobactam sodium
    —— sodium piperacillin 59703-84-3 C23H26N5O7S*Na
    sodium piperacillin
    —— tazobactam 89786-04-9 C10H12N4O5S
    tazobactam
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol
    —— tiamulin fumarate 55297-96-6 C4H4O4*C28H47NO4S
    tiamulin fumarate
    —— β-estradiol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    β-estradiol
    —— estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol 50-28-2 C18H24O2
    estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol
    —— misoprostol 59122-46-2 C22H38O5
    misoprostol
    —— Nanchangmycin 65101-87-3 C47H77NaO14
    Nanchangmycin
    —— naloxone 465-65-6 C19H21NO4
    naloxone