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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 原料药

    原料药

    原料药，通俗来说就是药品的原材料。只有经过加工制成药物制剂，才能成为可供临床应用的医药产品。因此，我们日常服用的药品实际上都是成品药。

    根据来源不同，原料药主要分为化学合成药和天然化学药两大类。

    化学合成药又可以进一步分为无机合成药与有机合成药。无机合成药主要包括无机化合物（个别为元素），例如用于治疗胃及十二指肠溃疡的氢氧化铝、三硅酸镁等；而有机合成药主要是由基本有机化工原料，通过一系列有机化学反应制得的药物，如阿司匹林、氯霉素、咖啡因等。

    天然化学药则按其来源可细分为生物化学药与植物化学药两大类。抗生素通常是由微生物发酵制备得到的，属于生物化学范畴；近年来出现的各种半合成抗生素则是生物合成和化学合成相结合的产品。在原料药中，有机合成药品种最多、产量最大且产值最高，是化学制药工业的主要支柱。

    由于原料药的质量直接影响制剂质量，因此对其质量标准要求极为严格。世界各国对于广泛应用的原料药都制定了严格的国家药典标准及质量控制方法。

    下级分类

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Hydroxystilbamidine 495-99-8 C16H16N4O
    Hydroxystilbamidine
    —— Fumadil B 23110-15-8 C26H34O7
    Fumadil B
    —— Cefozopran hydrochloride 113359-04-9 C19H17N9O5S2
    Cefozopran hydrochloride
    —— Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 488-69-7 C6H10O12P2
    Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-2-[(3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol 1405-10-3 C23H46N6O13
    (2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-2-[(3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol
    —— Pharmakon1600-01500675 7060-74-4 C35H64NO16P
    Pharmakon1600-01500675
    —— 7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(carboxymethyloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 79350-37-1 C16H15N5O7S2
    7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(carboxymethyloxyimino)acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one 83905-01-5 C38H72N2O12
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
    —— Magnesium oxide 325 mesh powder 1309-48-4 H2MgO
    Magnesium oxide 325 mesh powder
    —— Lobeline alpha (-) hydrochoride 134-63-4 C22H28ClNO2
    Lobeline alpha (-) hydrochoride
    —— (1S,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,25E,27E,29E,31E)-33-(4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,7,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,25,27,29,31-hexaene-36-carboxylic acid 1400-61-9 C47H75NO17
    (1S,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,25E,27E,29E,31E)-33-(4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,7,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-14,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-19,21,25,27,29,31-hexaene-36-carboxylic acid
    —— Pathomycin 53179-09-2 C38H84N10O34S5
    Pathomycin
    —— Morantel Tartrate 26155-31-7 C16H22N2O6S
    Morantel Tartrate
    —— Cytochalasin-H 53760-19-3 C30H39NO5
    Cytochalasin-H
    —— Calderol 63283-36-3 C27H46O3
    Calderol
    —— Radicicol 12772-57-5 C18H17ClO6
    Radicicol
    —— (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid 7681-93-8 C33H47O13N
    (1R,3S,5R,7R,8E,12R,14E,16E,18E,20E,22R,25R,26S)-22-[(3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid
    —— Pharmakon1600-01505249 37321-09-8 C21H41N5O11
    Pharmakon1600-01505249
    —— (S)-((1R,3r,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 101-31-5 C17H23NO3
    (S)-((1R,3r,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
    —— [(3S,5S,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 55869-99-3 C17H23NO4
    [(3S,5S,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
    —— Pharmakon1600-01504300 96829-58-2 C29H53NO5
    Pharmakon1600-01504300
    —— (3S,4aS,8aS)-N-tert-Butyldecahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide 136465-81-1 C14H27N2O+
    (3S,4aS,8aS)-N-tert-Butyldecahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide
    —— 79-55-0 C10H21N
    —— (5Z,7E,20S,22E,24R)-24-cyclopropyl-9,10-secocholester-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-1α,3β,24-triol 112965-21-6 C27H40O3
    (5Z,7E,20S,22E,24R)-24-cyclopropyl-9,10-secocholester-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-1α,3β,24-triol
    —— Dantamacrin 24868-20-0 C28H32N8Na2O17
    Dantamacrin
    —— [(3E)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-hydroxyimino-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate 35189-28-7 C23H31NO3
    [(3E)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-hydroxyimino-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate
    —— (6R,7R)-3-[[3-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazol-1-ium-1-yl]methyl]-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate 122841-10-5 C19H22N8O6S2
    (6R,7R)-3-[[3-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazol-1-ium-1-yl]methyl]-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— desmopressin 113-81-5 C46H64N14O12S2
    desmopressin
    —— puromycin dihydrochloride 58-58-2 C22H29N7O5*2ClH
    puromycin dihydrochloride
    —— (1S,14S,17S,20S)-1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 32222-06-3 C27H44O3
    (1S,14S,17S,20S)-1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
    —— ((S)-(E))-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-6-heptenoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester 194934-95-7 C28H32FNO4
    ((S)-(E))-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-6-heptenoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
    —— FDE-tBu 129332-29-2 C28H34FNO4
    FDE-tBu
    —— Hyodesoxycholsaeure-methylester 2868-48-6 C25H42O4
    Hyodesoxycholsaeure-methylester
    —— N4-(6-chloro-2-methoxyacridin-9-yl)-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride dihydrate 6151-30-0 C23H30ClN3O*2ClH*2H2O
    N4-(6-chloro-2-methoxyacridin-9-yl)-N1,N1-diethylpentane-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride dihydrate
    —— Flurogestonacetat 2529-45-5 C23H31FO5
    Flurogestonacetat
    —— ferrous succinate 10030-90-7 C4H4O4*Fe
    ferrous succinate
    —— catharanthine 2468-21-5 C21H24N2O2
    catharanthine
    —— 3,4-didehydro-ibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester 2468-21-5 C21H24N2O2
    3,4-didehydro-ibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 7-[{2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl}amino]-3-[(1-methyl-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-ceph-3-eme-4-carboxylic acid 65085-01-0 C16H17N9O5S3
    7-[{2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl}amino]-3-[(1-methyl-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-ceph-3-eme-4-carboxylic acid
    —— mezlocillin sodium 42057-22-7 C21H24N5O8S2*Na
    mezlocillin sodium
    —— [(4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl] 4-phenylbenzoate 31752-99-5 C21H20O5
    [(4R,5R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl] 4-phenylbenzoate
    —— 17β-undecanoyloxy-androst-4-en-3-one 5949-44-0 C30H48O3
    17β-undecanoyloxy-androst-4-en-3-one
    —— Etybenzatropine 524-83-4 C22H27NO
    Etybenzatropine
    —— 6,7β-epoxy-18α-hydroxy-16α,18β-dimethyl-10-phenyl-21,23-dioxa-[13]cytochalasa-13<i>t</i>,19<i>t</i>-diene-1,17,22-trione 36011-19-5 C28H33NO7
    6,7β-epoxy-18α-hydroxy-16α,18β-dimethyl-10-phenyl-21,23-dioxa-[13]cytochalasa-13<i>t</i>,19<i>t</i>-diene-1,17,22-trione
    —— (3S,2'R)-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide 51186-83-5 Br*C19H28NO3
    (3S,2'R)-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide
    —— 1-Methyl-17β-acetoxy-Δ<sup>1</sup>-5α-androsten 434-05-9 C22H32O3
    1-Methyl-17β-acetoxy-Δ<sup>1</sup>-5α-androsten
    —— lycorine 476-28-8 C16H17NO4
    lycorine
    —— [(1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine](ethanedioato-O,O')platinum(II) 141610-50-6 C8H16N2O4Pt
    [(1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine](ethanedioato-O,O')platinum(II)
    —— desmopressin acetate 16789-98-3 C2H4O2*C46H64N14O12S2
    desmopressin acetate
    —— (betaR,deltaR)-rel-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic Acid Calcium Salt (2:1) 134523-03-8 C66H70CaF2N4O10
    (betaR,deltaR)-rel-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic Acid Calcium Salt (2:1)