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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C18H24N2O3
    4-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— ethyl 5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C16H17NO5
    ethyl 5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[[(2R)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C17H22N2O3
    2-[[(2R)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-[[(2R)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H22N2O3
    4-[[(2R)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[[(2S)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H22N2O3
    4-[[(2S)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylphenol —— C13H8N6O5S
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylphenol
    —— 8-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-ethenyl-2,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C20H19BrO3
    8-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-ethenyl-2,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 5-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C18H24N2O3
    5-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[[(2R)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C18H24N2O3
    5-[[(2R)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C16H20N2O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C16H20N2O3
    2-methoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C16H20N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-[[(2S)-2-(5-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[[(2S)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H22N2O3
    5-[[(2S)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-6-[[(2S)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-4-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C16H20N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2S)-2-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    5-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-2-(5-propan-2-yl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol —— C18H24N2O3
    2-methoxy-5-[[(2R)-2-(5-propyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 7-ethenyl-8-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C21H22O4
    7-ethenyl-8-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 2-Chloro-5-[[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid —— C19H15ClN2O5S
    2-Chloro-5-[[5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]benzoic acid
    —— N-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C14H10ClFN2O4
    N-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 6-Bromo-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone —— C22H18BrN3O5
    6-Bromo-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-13-methyl-11,13,15-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.03,8.011,15]heptadeca-1(17),3(8),5-triene-4,7,12,14-tetrone
    —— 6-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7a-dihydro-3aH-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile —— C20H15F3N4O2
    6-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,7a-dihydro-3aH-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-phenylimino)-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H12N2O2S
    2-(2-Hydroxy-phenylimino)-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]benzohydrazide —— C15H13N3O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]benzohydrazide
    —— N'-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethenyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C15H13FN2O4
    N'-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethenyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— [3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-5-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl](4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanone —— C13H12F4N2O4
    [3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-5-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl](4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanone
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzohydrazide —— C15H14N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ol —— C10H7ClF3NO3
    3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ol —— C10H8F3NO3
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ol
    —— 4-methyl-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-4-ium-5-yl]phenol —— C13H14F3N2O+
    4-methyl-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-4-ium-5-yl]phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ol —— C11H10F3NO3
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,2-oxazol-5-ol
    —— 2-[[(S)-(2-fluorophenyl)-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]amino]-4-methylphenol —— C22H18FN3O2
    2-[[(S)-(2-fluorophenyl)-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]amino]-4-methylphenol
    —— 5-[(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15ClN2O3S
    5-[(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N,N'-(1,4-Phenylenedimethylidyne)bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylaniline) —— C22H20N2O2
    N,N'-(1,4-Phenylenedimethylidyne)bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylaniline)
    —— 7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C22H24O3
    7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,8a-dimethyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— 7-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methyl]-8-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-one —— C13H12N6O4
    7-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methyl]-8-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-one
    —— 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H9Br2ClN2O3
    1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione —— C21H21BrO5
    8a-bromo-7-ethenyl-8-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5,8-dihydro-4aH-naphthalene-1,4-dione
    —— (4S)-1-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one —— C20H21N5O3S
    (4S)-1-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one
    —— (4S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one —— C20H18ClN3O3S
    (4S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]thiazepin-7-one