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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 7-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-7-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-oxononyl)-8H-isochromen-6-one —— C27H34O5
    7-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-7-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-oxononyl)-8H-isochromen-6-one
    —— 6-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1-[2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoyl)-1,2-dimethylcyclopentyl]-4-methylhex-4-en-2-one —— C28H42O5
    6-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1-[2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoyl)-1,2-dimethylcyclopentyl]-4-methylhex-4-en-2-one
    —— 9-Butyl-32-(2-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-34-(methylaminomethyl)-23-methylimino-27,35-dioxa-22,24-diazaheptacyclo[23.12.1.131,34.02,6.02,10.014,18.026,36]nonatriaconta-1(38),11,25,36-tetraen-20,28-diyn-13-one —— C53H70N4O7
    9-Butyl-32-(2-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-34-(methylaminomethyl)-23-methylimino-27,35-dioxa-22,24-diazaheptacyclo[23.12.1.131,34.02,6.02,10.014,18.026,36]nonatriaconta-1(38),11,25,36-tetraen-20,28-diyn-13-one
    —— 1-[3-[[3-[[5-[Amino-(2-phenylethylamino)methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methyl]-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-ium-5-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]-5-hydroxydecan-3-one —— C40H51N4O5+
    1-[3-[[3-[[5-[Amino-(2-phenylethylamino)methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methyl]-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-ium-5-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]-5-hydroxydecan-3-one
    —— 1-[3-[[3-[1-[3-(Diaminomethyl)phenyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopentyl]-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-ium-5-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxydecan-3-one —— C37H51N4O6+
    1-[3-[[3-[1-[3-(Diaminomethyl)phenyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopentyl]-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-ium-5-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxydecan-3-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one —— C13H17NO4
    3,4-Dihydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one
    —— [3-Acetyloxy-1-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-[[2-(methylaminomethylamino)pyridin-4-yl]methyl]phenyl]decan-5-yl] acetate —— C29H43N3O6
    [3-Acetyloxy-1-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-[[2-(methylaminomethylamino)pyridin-4-yl]methyl]phenyl]decan-5-yl] acetate
    —— irisresorcinol 94969-20-7 C21H34O2
    irisresorcinol
    —— 5-Hydroxyeugenol 4055-72-5 C10H12O3
    5-Hydroxyeugenol
    —— 1-[3-[2-[3-[[4-(Diaminomethyl)phenyl]methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]dec-4-en-3-one —— C32H40N2O4
    1-[3-[2-[3-[[4-(Diaminomethyl)phenyl]methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]dec-4-en-3-one
    —— 2-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-8aH-chromen-1-ium-3-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol —— C21H23O10+
    2-[[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-8aH-chromen-1-ium-3-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate —— C17H18O5
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(1-methoxy-2-methylbutyl)phenol —— C14H22O4
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(1-methoxy-2-methylbutyl)phenol
    —— 1-[3-[[3-[1-[3-(diaminomethyl)phenyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopentyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]-5-hydroxydecan-3-one —— C37H50N4O5
    1-[3-[[3-[1-[3-(diaminomethyl)phenyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopentyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-5-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl]-5-hydroxydecan-3-one
    —— 3-[3-(1-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-{2-[2-hydroxy-5-(11-hydroxy-3-oxododec-4-en-1-yl)phenoxy]ethyl}phenyl)propanoyl]-3H-pyrrol-3-ide —— C42H50N3O6-
    3-[3-(1-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-{2-[2-hydroxy-5-(11-hydroxy-3-oxododec-4-en-1-yl)phenoxy]ethyl}phenyl)propanoyl]-3H-pyrrol-3-ide
    —— 3-(2,6-dimethylocta-2,4-dienoyl)-4-hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-one —— C21H25NO4
    3-(2,6-dimethylocta-2,4-dienoyl)-4-hydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-one
    —— 2-(6-Ethyl-7-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one —— C29H34O4
    2-(6-Ethyl-7-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one
    —— 5-Ethenyl-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol —— C9H10O3
    5-Ethenyl-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 16-(2-Benzylbutylidene)-23-hydroxy-41-(2-hydroxypropylamino)-49-(methylamino)-38-(methylaminomethyl)-5,17-dioxa-33,48-diazadodecacyclo[40.9.2.17,11.127,31.136,40.01,43.04,8.012,20.015,19.021,26.046,51.015,56]hexapentaconta-3,7,19,21(26),22,24,27,29,31(55),36,38,40(54)-dodecaene-6,18-dione —— C69H83N5O6
    16-(2-Benzylbutylidene)-23-hydroxy-41-(2-hydroxypropylamino)-49-(methylamino)-38-(methylaminomethyl)-5,17-dioxa-33,48-diazadodecacyclo[40.9.2.17,11.127,31.136,40.01,43.04,8.012,20.015,19.021,26.046,51.015,56]hexapentaconta-3,7,19,21(26),22,24,27,29,31(55),36,38,40(54)-dodecaene-6,18-dione
    —— 5-(1,5-Dihydro-2,4-benzodithiepin-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C16H16O2S2
    5-(1,5-Dihydro-2,4-benzodithiepin-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Methyl-5-tridec-8-enylbenzene-1,3-diol —— C20H32O2
    2-Methyl-5-tridec-8-enylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-disulfonic acid —— C11H16O10S2
    3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-disulfonic acid