Picrotoxin | 124-87-8

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 神经系统用药 - 中枢兴奋药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 呋喃吡喃类
• 英文名称: Picrotoxin
• 英文别名: (1R,3R,5S,8S,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-13-methyl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione;(1R,5S,8S,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
• CAS: 124-87-8
• 化学式: C15H18O7.C15H16O6
• 分子量: 602.6
• InChiKey: VJKUPQSHOVKBCO-ZTYBEOBUSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  203 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  571.75°C (rough estimate)
• 比旋光度：
  D16 -29.3° (c = 4 in abs ethanol)
• 密度：
  1,28 g/cm3
• 溶解度：
  乙醇：50 mg/mL，澄清至轻微混浊
• 物理描述：
  Cocculus appears as a poisonous berry, the dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus L. Contains several substances including about one percent picrotoxin. Pure picrotoxin occurs as shiny leaflets with an intensely bitter taste or as a microcrystalline powder. Very poisonous!. Used in medicine as a central nervous system stimulant and antidote for barbiturate poisoning. Not currently regarded as a useful therapeutic agent.
• 颜色/状态：
  Shiny rhomboid leaflets
• 气味：
  Odorless
• 味道：
  Very bitter
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Stable in air; affected by light
• 旋光度：
  Specific rotation: -29.3 deg @ 16 °C/d (absolute ethanol, c= 4)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.93
• 重原子数：
  43
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  10.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.8
• 拓扑面积：
  191
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  13

ADMET

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

一起罕见的涉及眼睛的中毒病例发生在一个年轻女性身上，她食用了被毒扁豆碱毒杀的鱼。她出现了头痛、寒战、流涎和视力丧失，瞳孔扩大且无反应。观察到两个视网膜都有水肿。...患者康复了...

An unusual case of poisoning with eye involvement occurred in a young woman who ate fish that had been killed by picrotoxin. She developed headache, chills, salivation, and loss of vision, with the pupils dilated and unreactive. Both retinas were observed to be edematous. ... The patient recovered ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

没有出现明显的苦毒素效果，直到给予惊厥剂量。所产生的惊厥是阵挛性的，不协调的，其模式类似于戊四唑产生的……使用大剂量的苦毒素可能会导致出现强直-阵挛性发作，其中强直屈曲先于强直伸展。伴随惊厥运动的是流涎、由于血管运动刺激导致的血压升高，以及经常性的呕吐。

No appreciable effect of picrotoxin is seen until convulsive doses are given. The resultant convulsion is clonic and incoordinated, and the pattern resembles that produced by pentylenetetrazol ... With large doses of picrotoxin a tonic-clonic seizure may occur in which tonic flexion precedes tonic extension. Accompanying the convulsive movements are salivation, elevation of blood pressure due to vasomotor stimulation, and frequently emesis.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

斑蝥毒素是一种高度有毒的物质，20毫克的剂量可能会产生严重中毒的症状。对于人类而言，致命剂量尚不清楚。

Picrotoxin is a highly toxic substance, and a dose of 20 mg may produce symptoms of severe poisoning. The fatal dose for man is unknown.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

在猫和兔子的实验中，根据毒扁豆碱的剂量，显示了视神经神经元和视觉诱发皮层反应的电气活动既有减少也有增强。对青蛙视网膜活动的抑制作用已被证实。

Experiments in cats and rabbits have shown both reduction and enhancement of electrical activity of optic nerve neurons and visual evoked cortical responses, depending on the dosage of picrotoxin. Inhibitory effect on frog retina activity has been shown.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

<Picrotoxin对鱼类的毒性极强。>

/Picrotoxin is/ highly toxic to fish.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

尽管毒扁豆碱可以通过所有途径被吸收，但即使是通过静脉给药，其对中枢神经系统的影响也需要几分钟才能完全显现出来。其作用持续时间相对较短。

Although picrotoxin is absorbed by all routes, the full effect on the central nervous system is not seen for several minutes, even when the drug is admin intravenously. Its duration action is relatively brief.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 危险品标志：
  T+,T,N
• 安全说明：
  S28,S36/37/39,S45,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R52/53,R28
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  29322985
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3462 6.1/PG 2

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物品

• 毒性分级：剧毒
• 急性毒性：
  • 腹注-大鼠 LD50: 1.99 毫克/公斤
  • 口服-小鼠 LD50: 15 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：不易燃

储运特性：库房通风、低温干燥；与食品分开储运

灭火剂：水、泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土

文献信息

• [EN] PROTEIN DEGRADERS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] AGENTS DE DÉGRADATION DES PROTÉINES ET UTILISATIONS DE CES DERNIERS
  申请人：KYMERA THERAPEUTICS INC

  公开号：WO2019060742A1

  公开（公告）日：2019-03-28

  The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same for the targeted degradation of proteins, and the treatment of target protein-mediated disorders.

  本发明提供了化合物、其组合物以及使用这些化合物的方法，用于靶向降解蛋白质，以及治疗靶蛋白介导的疾病。
• PROTEIN DEGRADERS AND USES THEREOF
  申请人：Kymera Therapeutics, Inc.

  公开号：EP3684365A1

  公开（公告）日：2020-07-29
• BACLOFEN AND ACAMPROSATE BASED THERAPY OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
  申请人：PHARNEXT

  公开号：US20140378440A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-12-25

  The present invention relates to combinations and methods for the treatment of neurological disorders related to glutamate excitotoxicity and Amyloid β toxicity. More specifically, the present invention relates to novel combinatorial therapies of Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's disease related disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuropathic pain, alcoholic neuropathy, alcoholism or alcohol withdrawal, or spinal cord injury, based on baclofen and acamprosate combination.
• US9144558B2
  申请人：——

  公开号：US9144558B2

  公开（公告）日：2015-09-29
• US9636316B2
  申请人：——

  公开号：US9636316B2

  公开（公告）日：2017-05-02