舒巴坦酸在常温常压下为白色结晶性固体,具有良好的水溶性和易溶于常见的醇类有机溶剂和乙酸乙酯。它是一种半合成的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,能与β-内酰胺类抗生素联合使用,展现出较好的抗菌效果。
生物活性舒巴坦酸同样作为一种半合成的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,对青霉素酶和头孢菌素酶表现出强烈的不可逆抑制作用。尽管其抗菌活性较弱,通常不单独使用,而是与其它β-内酰胺类抗生素联合应用,可以显著增强抗菌效果,并有效对抗多数耐药细菌。
化学性质舒巴坦酸为白色结晶性固体,熔点在148~151℃之间(也有报道显示其熔点为154~155℃)。它具有+251°(C=0.01,在pH 5的缓冲溶液中)的[α]D20值,并且极易溶于水。舒巴坦钠(Sulbactam Sodium),即C8H10NNaO5S,是一种白色或类白色的结晶性粉末,易溶于水。
用途舒巴坦酸作为一种β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,对青霉素酶和头孢菌素酶有很强的不可逆抑制作用。虽然其抗菌活性较弱,但常与其他β-内酰胺类抗生素联合使用以增强疗效。该化合物可与头孢哌酮配成复合制剂舒尔哌酮(Sulperzon)用于治疗耐药菌感染;也可与氨苄青霉素配成复合制剂,即复合氨苄青霉素。
生产方法 方法16.51g高锰酸钾溶于130ml水中和4.95ml冰乙酸中,并冷却至约5℃。加入同样温度下的4.58g(21mmol)青霉烷酸钠的溶液,搅拌20分钟后移去冷浴,用亚硫酸氢钠将高锰酸钾颜色褪去后过滤。往滤液中加饱和氯化钠水溶液并调至pH 1.0,再加入乙酸乙酯并调至pH 2.5,得到舒巴坦粗品。
方法2在4~10℃下将溴、硫酸和亚硝酸钠逐步加入二氯甲烷中,随后滴加亚硫酸氢钠溶液去除溴色。有机层用水洗涤后合并,用饱和碳酸氢钠水解并加入钯-炭和磷酸氢二钠进行氢化反应,最后通过乙酸乙酯提取纯化得到舒巴坦。
方法3将6-APA在5℃下加入溴、硫酸与亚硝酸钠的混合溶液中,然后滴加亚硫酸氢钠使颜色消失。有机层用水洗涤后合并,在-5℃和搅拌条件下,加入高锰酸钾并用乙酸乙酯提取,最后通过盐酸调节pH值进行纯化。
方法4以青霉素G为原料,经间氯过氧苯甲酸氧化形成砜结构,再氢解即得舒巴坦。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | (2S,5R)-Benzyl 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylate 4,4-Dioxide | 69388-78-9 | C15H17NO5S | 323.37 |
—— | 6-bromo-1,1-dioxopenicillanic acid | 810692-15-0 | C8H10BrNO5S | 312.141 |
溴巴坦S,S-二氧化物 | 6β-bromopenicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide | 75527-87-6 | C8H10BrNO5S | 312.141 |
(3S)-6,6-二溴-2,2-二甲基青霉烷-3-羧酸 1,1-二氧化物 | 6,6-dibromopenicillanic acid-1,1-dioxide | 76646-91-8 | C8H9Br2NO5S | 391.037 |
—— | (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl penicillanate 1,1-dioxide | 85871-31-4 | C13H15NO8S | 345.33 |
(2S-顺式)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | penicillanic acid | 87-53-6 | C8H11NO3S | 201.246 |
—— | (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl 6,6-dibromopenicillanate 1,1-dioxide | 103453-09-4 | C13H13Br2NO8S | 503.122 |
—— | 6-aminopenicillanic acid | —— | C8H12N2O3S | 216.261 |
6-氨基青霉烷酸 | 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid | 551-16-6 | C8H12N2O3S | 216.261 |
—— | (2R,5R)-Benzyl 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylate | 124831-33-0 | C15H17NO3S | 291.371 |
—— | (2S,5R)-Benzyl 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylate | 62263-72-3 | C15H17NO3S | 291.371 |
—— | penicillanic acid 4-nitro-benzyl ester | 69388-89-2 | C15H16N2O5S | 336.368 |
6,6-二溴青霉烷酸 | 6,6-Dibromopenicillanic acid | 24158-88-1 | C8H9Br2NO3S | 359.038 |
—— | (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl penicillanate | 85871-33-6 | C13H15NO6S | 313.331 |
—— | 6-aminopenicillanic acid (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl ester | 80715-30-6 | C13H16N2O6S | 328.346 |
—— | (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl 6-diazopenicillanate | 115923-36-9 | C13H13N3O6S | 339.329 |
—— | (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl 6,6-dibromopenicillanate | 103453-04-9 | C13H13Br2NO6S | 471.123 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | methyl 6,6-dihydropenicillanate 1,1-dioxide | 65039-72-7 | C9H13NO5S | 247.272 |
氯甲基(2S,5R)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸酯4,4-二氧化物 | Chloromethyl 1,1-dioxopenicillanate | 76247-40-0 | C9H12ClNO5S | 281.717 |
碘甲基舒巴坦 | iodomethyl 1,1-dioxopenicillanate | 76247-39-7 | C9H12INO5S | 373.168 |
—— | [(2S,5R)-3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4lambda6-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carbonyl]oxymethyl (2S,5R)-3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4lambda6-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate | 81156-60-7 | C17H22N2O10S2 | 478.501 |
舒巴坦匹酯 | (pivaloyloxy)methyl 6,6-dihydropenicillanate S,S-dioxide | 69388-79-0 | C14H21NO7S | 347.389 |
—— | (2S,5R)-Benzyl 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-2-carboxylate 4,4-Dioxide | 69388-78-9 | C15H17NO5S | 323.37 |
—— | (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl penicillanate 1,1-dioxide | 85871-31-4 | C13H15NO8S | 345.33 |
—— | (5-bromomethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl penicillanate 1,1-dioxide | 115946-67-3 | C13H14BrNO8S | 424.226 |
—— | Chloromethyl penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide | —— | C9H12ClNO5S | 281.717 |
—— | 2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-4,4-dioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 854139-71-2 | C9H15NO4S | 233.288 |
—— | (3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-yl)acetaldehyde | 854139-72-3 | C9H13NO4S | 231.273 |
—— | 1,1-dioxopenicillanic acid (5-phenyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)-methyl ester | 85871-32-5 | C18H17NO8S | 407.401 |
—— | 2-[(2S,5R)-3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4lambda6-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-yl]acetic acid | 854139-70-1 | C9H13NO5S | 247.272 |
(2S-顺式)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | penicillanic acid | 87-53-6 | C8H11NO3S | 201.246 |
—— | 3,3-dimethyl-4,4-dioxo-2-[2-(triisopropylsilanyloxy)vinyl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 854139-73-4 | C18H33NO4SSi | 387.616 |
—— | (3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-yl)phenylselenylacetaldehyde | 854139-74-5 | C15H17NO4SSe | 386.33 |
—— | 2-[[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl(phenylselenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-4,4-dioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 854139-75-6 | C17H21NO5SSe | 430.383 |
—— | (3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2E-ylidene)acetaldehyde | 854139-78-9 | C9H11NO4S | 229.257 |
—— | (3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2Z-ylidene)acetaldehyde | 854139-80-3 | C9H11NO4S | 229.257 |
—— | 2E-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)methylene-3,3-dimethyl-4,4-dioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 854139-76-7 | C11H15NO5S | 273.31 |
—— | 2Z-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)methylene-3,3-dimethyl-4,4-dioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 854139-77-8 | C11H15NO5S | 273.31 |
—— | (3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2E-ylidene)acetic acid | —— | C9H11NO5S | 245.256 |
—— | (3,3-dimethyl-4,4,7-trioxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2E-ylidene)acetic acid | —— | C9H11NO5S | 245.256 |