代谢
睾酮通过两条不同的途径代谢为17-酮类固醇。主要活性代谢物是雌二醇和二氢睾酮(DHT)。睾酮可以通过CYP3A4、CYP2B6、CYP2C9和CYP2C19在多个位置羟基化;通过UGT2B17葡萄糖醛酸化;硫酸化;通过芳香酶转化为雌二醇;通过5α-还原酶转化为二氢睾酮(DHT);通过CYP3A4、CYP2C9和CYP2C19代谢为雄烯二酮;或者转化为DHT葡萄糖醛酸苷。雄烯二酮通过芳香酶代谢形成雌酮,雌酮通过可逆反应形成雌二醇。雄烯二酮也可以通过5α-还原酶转化为5α-雄烷二酮,后者可以进一步代谢为5α-雄酮。DHT可以被葡萄糖醛酸化或硫酸化,或者代谢为5α-雄烷二醇,雄烷-3α,17β-二醇或雄烷-3β,17β-二醇。DHT还可以可逆地转化为5α-雄烷二酮。
Testosterone is metabolized to 17-keto steroids through two different pathways. The major active metabolites are estradiol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone can be hydroxylated at a number of positions by CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19; glucuronidated by UGT2B17; sulfated; converted to estradiol by aromatase; converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase; metabolized to androstenedione by CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19; or converted to DHT glucuronide. Androstenedione undergoes metabolism by aromatase to form estrone, which undergoes a reversible reaction to form estradiol. Androstenedione can also be converted to 5α-androstanedione by 5α-reductase, which can be further metabolized to 5α-androsterone. DHT can be glucuronidated or sulfated, or metabolized to 5α-androstanediol, androstane-3α,17β-diol, or androstane-3β,17β-diol. DHT can also be reversibly converted to 5α-androstanedione.
来源:DrugBank