斑蝥素类抗肿瘤药物主要包括斑蝥素、甲基斑蝥胺、去甲斑蝥素和羟基斑蝥胺。其中,斑蝥素是从鞘翅目芫青科昆虫南方大斑蝥和黄黑小斑蝥的干燥虫体中提取而得,人工合成较为困难。
去甲斑蝥素是一种斑蝥素衍生物,是我国首次成功人工合成的抗肿瘤及辅助治疗药物。它通过干扰瘤细胞分裂、抑制其DNA合成,并能提升白细胞数量而不影响骨髓细胞。吸收后,药物在肝、肾、胃肠以及癌组织中均保持较高浓度。给药15分钟后,在肝脏和瘤组织中的峰值显著;6小时后浓度下降明显,24小时内大部分经肾脏排泄,体内蓄积较少。临床应用范围广泛,用于治疗肝癌、食管癌、胃癌及贲门癌等恶性疾病,也可用于白细胞低下症的治疗。此外,去甲斑蝥素还可作为术前用药或与其他药物联合使用以提高疗效和减少副作用。有报道称其对乙型肝炎也有一定疗效。
体外研究用体外细胞培养技术和3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷释放法检测去甲斑蝥素对人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60的细胞毒作用,结果显示:去甲斑蝥素对HL-60细胞具有浓度和时间依赖性。
联合用药去甲斑蝥素与其他化疗药物联用能提高疗效、减少不良反应及增加生存率。需要注意的是,去甲斑蝥素可与去甲斑蝥酸钠交替使用,但不宜同时联合应用。
靶点中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | endothall | 28874-46-6 | C8H10O5 | 186.164 |
—— | exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride | 6118-51-0 | C8H6O4 | 166.133 |
—— | 4,10-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione | —— | C8H6O4 | 166.133 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 3α-hydroxymethyl-7α-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2α-carboxylic acid lactone | 6253-21-0 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
—— | <3aR-(3aα,4α,7α,7aα)>-hexahydro-4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1-(3H)-one | 94903-76-1 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
—— | (3aα,4α,7α,7aα)-hexahydro-4,7-epoxyiso-benzofuran-1(3H)-one | 142507-58-2 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
—— | (exo)hexahydro-4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 6253-21-0 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
—— | 7-oxa-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid monopropyl ester | —— | C11H16O5 | 228.245 |
—— | 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid monoethyl ester | 115122-59-3 | C10H14O5 | 214.218 |
—— | 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 109282-40-8 | C10H14O5 | 214.218 |
—— | (-)-2-exo-(methoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-3-exo-carboxylic acid | 104485-83-8 | C9H12O5 | 200.191 |
—— | 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester | 57105-58-5 | C9H12O5 | 200.191 |
7-氧杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二甲酸单 2-甲酯 | norcantharidin monomethyl ester | 57105-58-5 | C9H12O5 | 200.191 |
—— | (1R,2R,3R,4S)-2-(Methoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-3-carboxylic Acid | 130464-50-5 | C9H12O5 | 200.191 |
—— | palasonin | —— | C9H10O4 | 182.176 |
—— | cantharidin | 56-25-7 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
—— | endothall | 28874-46-6 | C8H10O5 | 186.164 |
—— | 2',6'-exo-spiro |
82639-67-6 | C12H16O3 | 208.257 |
—— | (2R,3S)-3-exo-benzyloxycarbonyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-exo-carboxylic acid | —— | C15H16O5 | 276.289 |
—— | 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, mono (phenylmethyl)ester | 140486-19-7 | C15H16O5 | 276.289 |
—— | (3R,3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-3-(allyloxy)hexahydro-4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 1393821-41-4 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
—— | (3S,3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-3-(allyloxy)hexahydro-4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 1393821-40-3 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
—— | (1R,2S,6S,7S)-4,10-Dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | —— | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
—— | (1S,2R,6R,7R)-4,10-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 104485-85-0 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
—— | methyl (1S,2R,3S,4R)-3-carbonazidoyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate | 220431-75-4 | C9H11N3O4 | 225.204 |
—— | (1R,2S,3R,4S)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 104485-82-7 | C9H10O5 | 198.175 |
—— | methyl (1R,2S,3R,4S)-3-amino-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate | 1071520-82-5 | C8H13NO3 | 171.196 |
—— | (1R,2S,3R,4S)-2-<(R)-Mandeloxycarbonyl>-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-3-carboxylic Acid | 130362-19-5 | C16H16O7 | 320.299 |
—— | 3-O-[(1R)-2-methoxy-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl] 2-O-methyl (1S,2R,3S,4R)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylate | 130362-20-8 | C18H20O7 | 348.353 |
—— | 3-(7-carboxyheptylcarbamoyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C16H25NO6 | 327.378 |
—— | (1R,2S,3R,4S)-7-Oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid mono-((R)-benzyloxycarbonyl-phenyl-methyl) ester | 131466-59-6 | C23H22O7 | 410.423 |
—— | (1S,2R,3S,4R)-7-Oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid mono-((R)-benzyloxycarbonyl-phenyl-methyl) ester | 131564-21-1 | C23H22O7 | 410.423 |
—— | (exo,exo)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane-2,3-dimethanol | 55423-53-5 | C8H14O3 | 158.197 |
—— | cis-endo-2,3-(bishydroxymethyl)-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane | 68940-53-4 | C8H14O3 | 158.197 |