Ethanolamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with an odor resembling that of ammonia. Flash point 185°F. May attack copper, brass, and rubber. Corrosive to tissue. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
颜色/状态:
Colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 51 °F)
气味:
Unpleasant, ammonia-like
蒸汽密度:
2.1 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
蒸汽压力:
0.404 mm Hg at 25 °C
稳定性/保质期:
Chemical stability: Absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) from air. Stable under recommended storage conditions.
自燃温度:
770 °F (410 °C)
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.
粘度:
18.95 cP at 25 °C; 5.03 cP at 60 °C
燃烧热:
-10710 Btu/lb = -5950 cal/g = -249X10+5 J/kg
汽化热:
49.83 kJ/mol at 171 °C
电离电位:
8.96 eV
气味阈值:
Water odor threshold: 20000 mg/L at pKa of 9.5. Air odor threshold: 2.6 ppm. Odor Safety Class: C. C= Odor safety factor from 1-26. Less than 50% of distracted persons perceive warning of TLV.
Ethanolamine can be used as a source of carbon and nitrogen by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Ethanolamine-ammonia lyase, the enzyme that breaks ethanolamine into acetaldehyde and ammonia, is encoded by the gene tandem eutBC. Despite extensive studies of ethanolamine utilization in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, much remains to be learned about EutBC structure and catalytic mechanism, about the evolutionary origin of ethanolamine utilization, and about regulatory links between the metabolism of ethanolamine itself and the ethanolamine-ammonia lyase cofactor adenosylcobalamin. We used computational analysis of sequences, structures, genome contexts, and phylogenies of ethanolamine-ammonia lyases to address these questions and to evaluate recent data-mining studies that have suggested an association between bacterial food poisoning and the diol utilization pathways. We found that EutBC evolution included recruitment of a TIM barrel and a Rossmann fold domain and their fusion to N-terminal alpha-helical domains to give EutB and EutC, respectively. This fusion was followed by recruitment and occasional loss of auxiliary ethanolamine utilization genes in Firmicutes and by several horizontal transfers, most notably from the firmicute stem to the Enterobacteriaceae and from Alphaproteobacteria to Actinobacteria. We identified a conserved DNA motif that likely represents the EutR-binding site and is shared by the ethanolamine and cobalamin operons in several enterobacterial species, suggesting a mechanism for coupling the biosyntheses of apoenzyme and cofactor in these species. Finally, we found that the food poisoning phenotype is associated with the structural components of metabolosome more strongly than with ethanolamine utilization genes or with paralogous propanediol utilization genes per se.
Forty percent of (15)N-labeled ethanolamine appears as urea within 24 hr when it is given to rabbits, suggesting that it is deaminated. In rat liver homogenates, ethanolamine undergoes demethylation yielding formaldehyde.
The distribution and metabolism of topical (14)C ethanolamine was studied in vivo, using athymic nude mice, human skin grafted onto athymic nude mice, and in vitro, using excised pig skin. Ethanolamine was the only radioactive phospholipid base detected in the human skin grafts, in the mouse skin, and in the pig skin. Ethanolamine that penetrated human skin grafts or mouse skin was extensively metabolized in the animal. The liver is a major site for metabolism of ethanolamine, containing over 24% of the applied radioactive dose. The kidneys, lungs, brain, and the heart contained 2.53, 0.55, 0.27, and 0.15% of the dose, respectively. Hepatic, human skin graft, and mouse skin proteins were also highly radioactive. Over 18% of the topical radioactive dose oxidized to (14)CO2 and 4.6% was excreted in the urine over 24 hr. Urea, glycine, serine, choline, and uric acid were the urinary metabolites of ethanolamine.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Aminoethanol is a colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 51 °F). It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. The dual function groups, amino and hydroxyl, make it useful in cutting fluids and as intermediates in the production of surfactants, soaps, salts, corrosion control inhibitors, and in pharmaceutical and miscellaneous applications. 2-Aminoethanol and other amines appear to be potentially useful components of topical formulations used to decontaminate and protect the skin against chemical warfare agents. As a pharmaceutical adjuvant, it is used as a solvent for fats and oils, and in combination with fatty acids forms soaps in the formulations of various types of emulsion such as lotions and creams. It is used in hydraulic fracturing. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A concentration of 5.9% is irritating to human skin. Symptoms associated with CNS depression in humans include increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation. Large doses produce sedation, coma, and death following depression of blood pressure and cardiac collapse. 2-Aminoethanol inhalation by humans has been reported to cause immediate allergic responses of dyspnea and asthma and clinical symptoms of acute liver damage and chronic hepatitis. ANIMAL STUDIES: Undiluted liquid causes redness and swelling when applied to the skin of the rabbit. Administration of 2-aminoethanol by the intravenous route in dogs produced increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation. Rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs exposed to vapor or mist at high concentrations (up to 1250 ppm) developed pulmonary, hepatic, and renal lesions. In a 90-day subacute oral toxicity study of 2-aminoethanol in rats that a maximum daily dose of 0.32 g/kg resulted in no effect; 0.64 g/kg/day resulted in altered liver or kidney wt; and at 1.28 g/kg death occurred. It is considered to be liver toxin. No treatment-related effects were noted in dogs administered as much as 22 mg/kg/d of 2-aminoethanol for 2 yr. In developmental studies in rabbits maternal toxicity was seen at the two higher dose levels (25, 75 mg/kg body weight) as skin irritation and at the highest dose level as reduced weight gain. There was no treatment related effect on the incidence of any fetal variation or malformation or on the number of malformed fetuses. 2-Aminoethanol has been demonstrated to be non-mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay, with and without S9 metabolic activation, using TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, and TA 100; and also negative in the Escherichia coli assay, Saccharomyces gene conversion assay, and rat liver chromosome assay. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Aquatic toxicity tests were conducted using zebra fish fry (Brachydanio rerio) and the unicellular algae Isochrysis galbana (a flagellate) and Chaetoceros gracilis (a diatom). Inhibition of cell division, chlorophyll content, and (14)CO2 uptake in the algae were sensitive end points. 2-Aminoethanol had an LC50 /in the zebra fish fry/ higher than 5,000 mg/L.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其蒸汽、透过皮肤和通过摄入被吸收进人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
暴露途径
吸入,摄入,皮肤和/或眼睛接触
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
吸收、分配和排泄
主要接触途径是通过皮肤,也有一些接触是通过吸入蒸汽和气溶胶。在水中的单乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)和三乙醇胺(TEA)分别以2.9 x 10(-3)、4.36 x 10(-3)和18 x 10(-3) cm/hr的速度渗透大鼠皮肤。MEA、DEA和TEA是水溶性的氨衍生物,在水中的pH值为9-11,分别对应的pHa值为9.3、8.8和7.7。
The principal route of exposure is through skin, with some exposure occurring by inhalation of vapor and aerosols. Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) in water penetrate rat skin at the rate of 2.9 x 10(-3), 4.36 x 10(-3) and 18 x 10(-3) cm/hr, respectively. MEA, DEA, and TEA are water-soluble ammonia derivatives, with pHs of 9-11 in water and pHa values of 9.3, 8.8, and 7.7, respectively.
The excretion rate in men was found to vary between 4.8 and 22.9 mg/day with a mean of 0.162 mg/kg /body weight/. 11 women were observed to excrete larger amounts, varying between 7.7 and 34.9 mg/day with a mean excretion rate of 0.492 mg/kg/day. The excretion rates in animals were approximately, for cats, 0.47 mg/kg/day; for rats, 1.46 mg/kg/day; and for rabbits, 1.0 mg/kg/day. From 6-47% of monoethanolamine administered to rats can be recovered in the urine.
Persistence of low levels of radioactivity in dog whole blood was obtained after admin of (14)C-labeled ethanolamine. Excretion of radioactivity as % of dose in dog urine was 11. After 24 hr total blood radioactivity as % of dose was 1.69.
/Ethanolamine/ is a normal urine constituent in man, excreted at a rate of 5-23 mg/day ... 40 percent of an administered dose is deaminated and excreted as urea.