木犀草素是一种非常具有代表性的天然黄酮,属弱酸性四羟基黄酮类化合物,在植物界分布较广。主要存在于金银花、菊花、荆芥、白毛夏枯草等药物中以及百里香、芽甘蓝、洋白菜、菜花、甜菜、椰菜和胡萝卜等蔬菜中。此外,它还以糖苷的形式广泛分布于芹菜、青辣椒、紫苏叶以及豆科落花生(Arachis hypogaea)果实外壳、白毛夏枯草(Ajuga decumbens)、忍冬科忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb)、龙胆科植物湿生扁蕾(Gentianopsis paludosa)、败酱科黑水缬草(Valeriana amurensis Smir)等多种植物中。木犀草素纯品为黄色结晶状粉末。
木犀草素是从乙醇离析出的一种含一个结晶水的金黄色针状体,能溶于乙醇、乙醚;微溶于热水,难溶于冷水。其水溶液呈悦目的淡黄色,并可溶于10%氢氧化钠水溶液,此时则呈深黄色。正常条件下稳定。
提取方法文献报道提取花生壳有效成分木犀草素的方法有溶剂法、超声法、微波法及超临界CO₂法等,其中溶剂提取法报道较多,多以甲醇、丙酮和醋酸乙酯为提取溶剂。以上信息由Chemicalbook丽丽整理。
适用症本品具有镇咳、祛痰作用。镇咳作用为抑制咳嗽中枢;祛痰作用与本品能促进呼吸道腺体的分泌和使痰中的酸性黏多糖溶解有关。尚有抗炎、抗过敏和免疫增强作用,对金葡菌、肺炎双球菌,绿脓杆菌也有抑菌作用。用于慢性支气管炎和其他多痰性呼吸道疾病。
不良反应部分病人可有口干、胃部不适、头晕、恶心等副作用,但这些症状一般会在用药延长后逐渐消失。
化学性质微溶于水,具有弱酸性,能溶解于碱性溶液中。来源于木犀草科(Resedaceae)木犀草属草本植物木犀草。
用途用作镇咳、祛痰及消炎药;羟基黄酮衍生物,是强抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂,在抗癌方面起重要作用;一种多酚化合物,属于黄酮类,是强抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
香叶木素 | diosmetin | 520-34-3 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
德国春黄菊油 | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 520-36-5 | C15H10O5 | 270.241 |
木犀草素-5-甲醚 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 58115-29-0 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
5,7-二甲氧基木犀草素 | 5,7-dimethoxyluteolin | 90363-40-9 | C17H14O6 | 314.295 |
金合欢素 | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 480-44-4 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
白杨素 | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one | 480-40-0 | C15H10O4 | 254.242 |
伞房花耳草素 | 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | 18103-41-8 | C19H18O7 | 358.348 |
2-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-7-羟基-5-甲氧基-色烯-4-酮 | 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-chromen-4-one | 10544-05-5 | C18H16O6 | 328.321 |
3,4,5,7-四甲氧基黄酮 | 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 855-97-0 | C19H18O6 | 342.348 |
—— | 5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | 89029-12-9 | C18H14O6 | 326.306 |
—— | 2-(3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 58124-13-3 | C29H22O6 | 466.49 |
—— | 7-O-lactoyl-luteolin | 126394-95-4 | C18H14O8 | 358.304 |
—— | 3',4'-Bis(benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxymethoxyflavone | 169133-02-2 | C31H26O7 | 510.543 |
—— | Chrysoeriol-acetat | 3162-04-7 | C22H18O9 | 426.38 |
—— | 3',5,7-triacetoxy-4'-methoxyflavone | 3162-05-8 | C22H18O9 | 426.38 |
—— | (3',4'-dibenzyloxy-5,7-dimethoxymethyl)flavone | 169132-97-2 | C33H30O8 | 554.596 |
蔓荆子黄素 | casticin | 479-91-4 | C19H18O8 | 374.347 |
木犀草苷 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | 5373-11-5 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | luteolin 7-O-glucopyranoside | —— | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | viscioside | —— | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
藤黄菌素-4’ -O-葡糖苷 | luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 6920-38-3 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | luteolin 7-O-<2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-lactate> | —— | C24H24O13 | 520.447 |
染料木素 | 5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-on | 446-72-0 | C15H10O5 | 270.241 |
—— | luteolin 7-O-β-D-xylosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside | 19870-44-1 | C26H28O15 | 580.499 |
忍冬苷 | scolymoside | 20633-84-5 | C27H30O15 | 594.526 |
木犀草素-5-O-葡萄糖苷 | luteolin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 20344-46-1 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
木犀草素-7-半乳糖醛酸苷 | luteolin-7-O-β-D-galacturonide | 56324-53-9 | C21H18O12 | 462.367 |
四羟黄酮-7-beta-D-葡糖苷酸 | luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronopyranoside | 29741-10-4 | C21H18O12 | 462.367 |
—— | graveobioside A | 506410-53-3 | C26H28O15 | 580.499 |
—— | luteolin-7-O-(2″-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside | —— | C30H26O14 | 610.528 |
异槲皮苷 | isoquercetin | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 | 464.383 |
—— | luteolin 7-O-<β-D-glucuronosyl(1-2)β-D-glucuronide>-4'-O-β-D-glucuronide | —— | C33H34O24 | 814.619 |
异荭草素 | isoorientin | 4261-42-1 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
芦丁 | rutin | 153-18-4 | C27H30O16 | 610.526 |
荭草苷 | Luteolin-8-C-glucoside | 28608-75-5 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
香叶木素 | diosmetin | 520-34-3 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
羟基芫花素 | 7-methylluteoline | 20243-59-8 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
金圣草(黄)素 | chrysoeriol | 491-71-4 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
5,3'-二羟基-7,4'-二甲氧基黄酮 | pilloin | 32174-62-2 | C17H14O6 | 314.295 |
6-羟基四羟黄酮 | 3',4',5,6,7-pentahydroxyflavone | 18003-33-3 | C15H10O7 | 302.24 |
4'-甲基金圣草黄素 | 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy flavone | 4712-12-3 | C17H14O6 | 314.295 |
—— | O7-ethyl luteolin | 464894-91-5 | C17H14O6 | 314.295 |
毡毛美洲茶素; 4',5-二羟基-3',7-二甲氧基黄酮 | velutin | 25739-41-7 | C17H14O6 | 314.295 |
木犀草素-5-甲醚 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 58115-29-0 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
—— | 3'-O-ethylluteolin | 1201807-91-1 | C17H14O6 | 314.295 |
7,3',4'-三-O-甲基毛地黄黄酮 | 5-hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone | 29080-58-8 | C18H16O6 | 328.321 |
—— | 7-O-butylluteolin | 1201807-84-2 | C19H18O6 | 342.348 |
白杨素 | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one | 480-40-0 | C15H10O4 | 254.242 |
—— | 7-O-hexylluteolin | 1443679-23-9 | C21H22O6 | 370.402 |
—— | O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 445408-53-7 | C17H12O6 | 312.279 |
3,4,5,7-四甲氧基黄酮 | 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 855-97-0 | C19H18O6 | 342.348 |
—— | O7-nitrooxyethyl luteolin | 1443679-20-6 | C17H13NO9 | 375.292 |
羟基木犀草素 | 3′,4′,5,7,8-pentahydroxyflavone | 27696-41-9 | C15H10O7 | 302.24 |
—— | 7-ethoxy-2-(3,4-diethoxy-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-chromen-4-one | —— | C21H22O6 | 370.402 |
木犀草素-7-硫酸酯 | luteolin 7-monosulphate | 56857-57-9 | C15H10O9S | 366.305 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-chloro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | —— | C15H9ClO5 | 304.686 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl propionate | 1201807-85-3 | C18H14O7 | 342.305 |
—— | luteolin 4’-sulfate | 60889-07-8 | C15H10O9S | 366.305 |
—— | 4-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxybutyl nitrate | 1443679-21-7 | C19H17NO9 | 403.345 |
—— | O7-ethyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1443678-99-6 | C19H16O6 | 340.332 |
—— | 6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyhexyl nitrate | 1443679-22-8 | C21H21NO9 | 431.399 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl butyrate | 1201807-86-4 | C19H16O7 | 356.332 |
—— | O7-bromethyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1144509-90-9 | C19H15BrO6 | 419.228 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-5-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 1610737-71-7 | C22H15FO6 | 394.356 |
—— | 7-benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 1201808-27-6 | C29H22O6 | 466.49 |
—— | O7-butyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1443679-01-3 | C21H20O6 | 368.386 |
—— | luteolin 3'-sulfate | —— | C15H10O9S | 366.305 |
—— | O7-hexyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1443679-03-5 | C23H24O6 | 396.44 |
—— | luteolin 7,4'-disulphate | —— | C15H10O12S2 | 446.369 |
—— | O7-nitrooxyethyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1443678-98-5 | C19H15NO9 | 401.329 |
—— | O7-(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1443679-04-6 | C21H18O8 | 398.369 |
—— | 7-(benzyloxy)-2-(3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenyl)-5-hydroxy-4Hchromen-4-one | 1201807-92-2 | C36H28O6 | 556.615 |
—— | 8-bromoluteolin | 1186503-17-2 | C15H9BrO6 | 365.137 |
—— | O7-nitrooxybutyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1443679-00-2 | C21H19NO9 | 429.383 |
—— | 3',4',7-luteolin triacetate | 917025-21-9 | C21H16O9 | 412.353 |
—— | Butyl 2-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyacetate | 1443679-09-1 | C23H22O8 | 426.423 |
—— | O7-nitrooxyhexyl-O3',O4'-ethylidene luteolin | 1443679-02-4 | C23H23NO9 | 457.437 |
—— | luteolin 7,3'-disulfate | —— | C15H10O12S2 | 446.369 |
—— | Luteolin 4tms-1 | 1182-48-5 | C27H42O6Si4 | 574.969 |
—— | Hexyl 2-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyacetate | 1443679-10-4 | C25H26O8 | 454.477 |
甘草宁O | 2-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-6-[3-methylbut-2-enyl]chromone | 129145-53-5 | C20H18O6 | 354.359 |
—— | 4-(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-7-(propionyloxy)-4H-chromen-2-yl)-1,2-phenylene dipropionate | —— | C24H22O9 | 454.433 |
—— | 2-Nitrooxyethyl 2-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyacetate | 1443679-11-5 | C21H17NO11 | 459.366 |
—— | 4-Nitrooxybutyl 2-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyacetate | 1443679-12-6 | C23H21NO11 | 487.42 |
—— | 6-Nitrooxyhexyl 2-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyacetate | 1443679-13-7 | C25H25NO11 | 515.474 |
—— | 4‐(5‐acetoxy‐7‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐4H‐chromen‐2‐yl)‐1,2‐phenylene diacetate | —— | C21H16O9 | 412.353 |
—— | luteolin tetraacetate | 1061-93-4 | C23H18O10 | 454.39 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-one | 1610737-73-9 | C19H17NO6 | 355.347 |
大麻黄素B | 6-prenylchrysoeriol | 76735-58-5 | C21H20O6 | 368.386 |
—— | [4-[4-oxo-5,7-di(propanoyloxy)chromen-2-yl]-2-propanoyloxyphenyl] propanoate | —— | C27H26O10 | 510.497 |
针依瓦菊素 | 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-6,8,4'-trimethoxyflavone | 15835-74-2 | C18H16O8 | 360.32 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)glycine methyl ester | —— | C24H20NO10P | 513.397 |
—— | myricetin 3'-O-sulfate | —— | C15H10O11S | 398.304 |
3,4-二苯基亚甲基木犀草素 | 2-(2,2-diphenylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 1201808-21-0 | C28H18O6 | 450.447 |
—— | [4-[5,7-Bis(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-4-oxochromen-2-yl]-2-diethoxyphosphoryloxyphenyl] diethyl phosphate | 1266147-86-7 | C31H46O18P4 | 830.59 |
—— | 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)flavone | —— | C20H18O6 | 354.359 |
—— | 5,7-bis-benzoyloxy-2-(3,4-bis-benzoyloxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one | 34293-64-6 | C43H26O10 | 702.673 |
6-[6-(5,7-二羟基-4-氧代苯并吡喃-2-基)-2,3-二羟基苯基]-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-5,7-二羟基苯并吡喃-4-酮 | 6-(6-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | 116383-34-7 | C30H18O12 | 570.466 |
—— | 6-(6-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C30H18O11 | 554.466 |
—— | 6-(6-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-6-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C45H26O18 | 854.691 |
—— | 2'-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5',7'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H,4'H-[6,8'-bichromene]-2,4'-dione | —— | C25H16O9 | 460.397 |
—— | isocannflavin B | 199167-23-2 | C21H20O6 | 368.386 |
—— | 2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐8‐((4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)methyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one | 1322063-04-6 | C21H22N2O6 | 398.415 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | 1322063-03-5 | C20H19NO7 | 385.373 |
—— | luteolin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside | —— | C21H20O10 | 432.384 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)-L-leucine methyl ester | —— | C28H28NO10P | 569.505 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)-L-valine methyl ester | —— | C27H26NO10P | 555.478 |
木犀草苷 | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | 5373-11-5 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | luteolin 7-O-glucopyranoside | —— | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
藤黄菌素-4’ -O-葡糖苷 | luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 6920-38-3 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | luteolin 4-O-α-D-glucopyranoside | —— | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2,5,6-D3)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-3-D | —— | C15H10O6 | 290.209 |
—— | 3'-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)luteoline | 5154-41-6 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | luteolin-3'-O-α-D-glucopyranoside | 5154-41-6 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-((2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | 1334524-11-6 | C22H23NO6 | 397.428 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-((3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | 1334524-08-1 | C21H21NO7 | 399.4 |
—— | 8-(6-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | —— | C30H18O12 | 570.466 |
—— | sinaicitin-D | —— | C24H18O8 | 434.402 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester | —— | C31H26NO10P | 603.522 |
忍冬甙 | scolymoside | 25694-72-8 | C27H30O15 | 594.526 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-acetoxy-2-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)glycine methyl ester | —— | C30H26NO13P | 639.509 |
—— | luteolin 7-O-glucuronopyranoside | 29741-10-4 | C21H18O12 | 462.367 |
—— | hydnocarpin | —— | C25H20O9 | 464.428 |
—— | (10R,11R)-hydnocarpin D | —— | C25H20O9 | 464.428 |
—— | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2,5,6-D3)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-3,6,8-D3 | —— | C15H10O6 | 292.193 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-acetoxy-2-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)-L-alanine methyl ester | —— | C31H28NO13P | 653.536 |
—— | 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin | —— | C26H22O10 | 494.455 |
—— | luteolin-3’-glucuronide | —— | C21H18O12 | 462.367 |
—— | 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin-D | —— | C26H22O10 | 494.455 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-acetoxy-2-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)-L-leucine methyl ester | —— | C34H34NO13P | 695.617 |
—— | N-((phenoxy)((5-acetoxy-2-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-7-yl)oxy)phosphoryl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester | —— | C37H32NO13P | 729.634 |
异荭草素 | isoorientin | 4261-42-1 | C21H20O11 | 448.383 |
—— | 2,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | —— | C9H6O5 | 194.144 |
—— | hydnocarpin-D peracetate | —— | C33H28O13 | 632.578 |