香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide | —— | C19H22N2O4 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1-morpholin-4-ylethanone | —— | C18H20N2O4 |
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—— | N-cyclopentyl-2-[5-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C19H22N2O3 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide | —— | C17H16N4O3S |
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—— | N-cyclopropyl-2-[5-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C17H18N2O3 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-propan-2-ylacetamide | —— | C17H20N2O3 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1-morpholin-4-ylethanone | —— | C18H20N2O4 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-propan-2-ylacetamide | —— | C17H20N2O3 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide | —— | C19H22N2O4 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide | —— | C17H15N3O3S |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)acetamide | —— | C20H19N3O3 |
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—— | N-cyclopentyl-2-[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C19H22N2O3 |
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—— | 2-[5-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide | —— | C17H16N4O3S |
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—— | 3-[(3S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]propanoic acid | —— | C12H14O4 |
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—— | methyl (1R,2S,3S,7E,10R)-7-[[5-(3-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-3-methyl-8-oxo-17-oxa-6-thia-4,9-diazapentacyclo[8.7.0.01,3.05,9.011,16]heptadeca-4,11,13,15-tetraene-2-carboxylate | —— | C27H19ClN2O5S |
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—— | (2S)-2-amino-2-[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]ethanol | —— | C13H19NO3 |
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—— | (2S)-2-amino-2-[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]ethanol | —— | C13H19NO3 |
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—— | (2R)-2-amino-2-[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]ethanol | —— | C13H19NO3 |
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—— | (3S)-3-amino-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C9H11NO3 |
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—— | (3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(propylamino)-2H-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C12H17NO3 |
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—— | (2S)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)ethanol | —— | C12H17NO2 |
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—— | (3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(propylamino)-2H-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C12H17NO3 |
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—— | (2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)ethanol | —— | C12H17NO2 |
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—— | (3S)-3-(ethylamino)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C11H15NO3 |
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—— | (3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)-2H-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C12H17NO3 |
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—— | (2S)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethanol | —— | C13H19NO2 |
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—— | (2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethanol | —— | C13H19NO2 |
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—— | (2R)-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-propan-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C15H21NO3 |
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—— | (3S)-3-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C15H22N2O2 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C15H22N2O2 |
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—— | (1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[2-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]ethyl]ethanamine | —— | C16H23NO2 |
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—— | (1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[2-[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]ethyl]ethanamine | —— | C16H23NO2 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[2-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]ethylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H19NO3 |
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—— | (3S)-3-[2-[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]ethylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H19NO3 |
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—— | 3-[furan-3-ylmethyl(pent-2-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H32N2O8 |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-4-methylpentan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | (3R)-3-(4-methylpentylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H21NO2 |
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—— | N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-4-methylpentan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]-4-methylpentan-1-amine | —— | C17H27NO |
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—— | N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]-4-methylpentan-1-amine | —— | C17H27NO |
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—— | (3S)-3-(4-methylpentylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H21NO2 |
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—— | (1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methyl]ethanamine | —— | C15H18N2OS |
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—— | 3-[cycloheptyl(pent-2-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H36N2O5 |
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—— | (1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methyl]ethanamine | —— | C15H18N2OS |
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—— | (3S)-3-[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C13H14N2O2S |
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—— | 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-(oxolane-2-carbonyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H38N2O9 |
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—— | 3-[3-ethoxypropyl(pentanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H40N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[dodecanoyl(3-ethoxypropyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C34H52N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-(oxolane-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H28Cl2N2O6 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(2R)-2-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C13H20N2O2 |
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