香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | (3R)-N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-1,1-dioxothiolan-3-amine | —— | C14H19NO3S |
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—— | N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pentan-3-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]pyridin-3-amine | —— | C16H18N2O |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]pentan-3-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]pyridin-3-amine | —— | C16H18N2O |
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—— | N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]pentan-3-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pentan-3-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]propan-2-amine | —— | C13H19NO |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]prop-2-en-1-amine | —— | C13H17NO |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]cyclohexanamine | —— | C17H25NO |
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—— | N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propyl]cyclohexanamine | —— | C17H25NO |
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—— | N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]prop-2-en-1-amine | —— | C13H17NO |
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—— | (R)-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C14H19NO2 |
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—— | (1R,2S)-2-methyl-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]pentan-1-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | (R)-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-(3-methylphenyl)methanamine | —— | C17H19NO |
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—— | (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]butanoic acid | —— | C13H16O4 |
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—— | (1R,2R)-2-methyl-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]pentan-1-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | (1R)-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C12H12F5NO |
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—— | (1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanamine | —— | C11H12F3NO |
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—— | 5,5-difluoro-5-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]pentanoic acid | —— | C14H16F2O3 |
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—— | (1R)-2,2-dimethyl-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C14H21NO |
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—— | (S)-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C14H19NO2 |
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—— | (1S,2S)-2-methyl-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]pentan-1-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | (4S)-4-hydroxy-4-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]butanoic acid | —— | C13H16O4 |
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—— | (1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanamine | —— | C11H12F3NO |
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—— | 2-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-2-oxoacetic acid | —— | C11H10O4 |
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—— | (1R)-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]butan-1-amine | —— | C13H19NO |
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—— | (1S)-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]butan-1-amine | —— | C13H19NO |
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—— | (1S)-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C12H12F5NO |
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—— | (4R)-4-hydroxy-4-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]butanoic acid | —— | C13H16O4 |
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—— | (1R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanamine | —— | C11H12F3NO |
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—— | (1R)-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C12H12F5NO |
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—— | (1R)-2,2-dimethyl-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C14H21NO |
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—— | 2-methyl-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-one | —— | C13H16O2 |
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—— | 5,5-difluoro-5-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]pentanoic acid | —— | C14H16F2O3 |
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—— | (R)-(2-chlorophenyl)-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methanamine | —— | C16H16ClNO |
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—— | (S)-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C14H19NO2 |
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—— | 2-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-2-oxoacetic acid | —— | C11H10O4 |
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—— | (1S)-2,2-dimethyl-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C14H21NO |
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—— | (S)-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-(3-methylphenyl)methanamine | —— | C17H19NO |
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—— | (1R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanamine | —— | C11H12F3NO |
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—— | (1S)-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C12H12F5NO |
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—— | (1S)-2,2-dimethyl-1-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propan-1-amine | —— | C14H21NO |
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—— | (R)-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C14H19NO2 |
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—— | [(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-piperidin-4-ylmethanone | —— | C15H19NO2 |
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—— | [(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-piperidin-4-ylmethanone | —— | C15H19NO2 |
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—— | (S)-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-(3-methylphenyl)methanamine | —— | C17H19NO |
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—— | (S)-(2-chlorophenyl)-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methanamine | —— | C16H16ClNO |
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—— | (3S)-3-[2-(hydroxymethyl)anilino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C15H15NO3 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[2-(hydroxymethyl)anilino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C15H15NO3 |
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