香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | (3S)-3-[[(1S,2S)-2-methylcyclohexyl]methylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C16H23NO2 |
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—— | (3S)-3-[[(1S,2R)-2-methylcyclohexyl]methylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C16H23NO2 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H19N5O3S |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H19N5O3S |
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—— | (1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]methyl]ethanamine | —— | C16H23NO2 |
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—— | N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-1-[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C15H21NO2 |
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—— | N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-1-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C15H21NO2 |
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—— | (1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]methyl]ethanamine | —— | C16H23NO2 |
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—— | (1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-[[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]methyl]ethanamine | —— | C16H23NO2 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]methylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H19NO3 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]methylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H19NO3 |
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—— | (3S)-3-[[(2S)-oxan-2-yl]methylamino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H19NO3 |
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—— | (2R)-5-chloro-N-[2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepin-3-yl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H21ClN4O2 |
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—— | (R)-[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methanol | —— | C14H14O2S |
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—— | N-[(S)-[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methyl]ethanamine | —— | C16H19NOS |
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—— | 2-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]-N-[2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]acetamide | —— | C18H23N3O3 |
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—— | (2S)-5-chloro-N-[2-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C15H16ClN3O2 |
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—— | (S)-[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methanamine | —— | C14H15NOS |
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—— | N-[(R)-[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methyl]ethanamine | —— | C16H19NOS |
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—— | (1R)-1-[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-N-methyl-1-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methanamine | —— | C15H17NOS |
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—— | (R)-[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methanamine | —— | C14H15NOS |
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—— | (R)-[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methanamine | —— | C14H15NOS |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-3-pyrazol-1-ylpropanamide | —— | C15H17N3O2 |
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—— | 4-N-[[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]piperidine-1,4-dicarboxamide | —— | C16H21N3O3 |
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—— | N-[(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]propan-2-amine | —— | C13H19NO |
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—— | 2-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-N-[(R)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]acetamide | —— | C25H26N2O3 |
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—— | (2S)-5-chloro-N-methyl-N-[(R)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C22H19ClN2O2 |
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—— | (2S)-5-chloro-N-methyl-N-[(S)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C22H19ClN2O2 |
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—— | (2R)-5-chloro-N-methyl-N-[(R)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C22H19ClN2O2 |
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—— | 2-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-N-[(S)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]acetamide | —— | C25H26N2O3 |
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—— | (2S)-3-[2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbonyl(methyl)amino]-2-methylpropanoic acid | —— | C14H17NO4 |
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—— | (2S)-3-[[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carbonyl]-methylamino]-2-methylpropanoic acid | —— | C14H17NO4 |
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—— | (2S)-3-[[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carbonyl]-methylamino]-2-methylpropanoic acid | —— | C14H17NO4 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-3-[2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbonyl(methyl)amino]-2-methylpropanoate | —— | C15H19NO4 |
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—— | (2R)-3-[[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carbonyl]-methylamino]-2-methylpropanoic acid | —— | C14H17NO4 |
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—— | (2R)-3-[[(2R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carbonyl]-methylamino]-2-methylpropanoic acid | —— | C14H17NO4 |
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—— | 3-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C21H19NO3S2 |
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—— | (3R)-3-(2-thiophen-3-ylethylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H15NO2S |
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—— | (3S)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-2-methylpentan-3-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | (3R)-N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-2-methylpentan-3-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | (3R)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-2-methylpentan-3-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | (3S)-N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-2-methylpentan-3-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | (3S)-N-[(1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-2-methylpentan-3-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | (3S)-3-[[(3R)-2-methylpentan-3-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H21NO2 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(3S)-2-methylpentan-3-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H21NO2 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(3R)-2-methylpentan-3-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C14H21NO2 |
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—— | (2S,3R)-N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-methylpentan-2-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | (2R,3R)-N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-methylpentan-2-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | (2R,3R)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-3-methylpentan-2-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | (2R,3S)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-3-methylpentan-2-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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