香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | 3-[(2-ethoxyacetyl)-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H38N2O9 |
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—— | 3-[3-ethoxypropyl(2-oxobutanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H36N2O9 |
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—— | 3-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-pent-4-enoylamino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H28Cl2N2O5 |
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—— | 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-pent-4-enoylamino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H38N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[benzyl-(2-ethoxyacetyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H34N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[1-adamantylmethyl(cyclopentanecarbonyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C34H44N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[1-adamantylmethyl-(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H42N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[butanoyl-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H36N2O8 |
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—— | (2S,3R)-N-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C15H21NO3 |
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—— | 3-[3-ethoxypropyl(hept-6-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C29H42N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[3-cyclopentylpropanoyl(3-ethoxypropyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H42N2O8 |
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—— | (2S)-N-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C13H17NO3 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C11H15NO3 |
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—— | 3-[acetyl(cyclohexyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C25H32N2O7 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C11H15NO3 |
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—— | (3S)-3-[[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C11H15NO3 |
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—— | 3-[3-cyclopentylpropanoyl(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H42N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[butanoyl-[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H31FN2O5 |
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—— | 3-[3-cyclopentylpropanoyl(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C29H42N2O6 |
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—— | (3R)-3-[[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C11H15NO3 |
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—— | 3-[hexyl(3-methylbutanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H38N2O5 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopropylmethyl(3-methylbutanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H36N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopropylmethyl(hept-6-enoyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H36N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[cyclohexylmethyl(hept-6-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H44N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopentyl(hept-6-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H36N2O5 |
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—— | (3S)-3-[[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-ol | —— | C11H15NO3 |
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—— | 3-[cyclohexylmethyl(3-cyclopentylpropanoyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C32H44N2O7 |
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—— | N-[(R)-cyclopropyl-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | N-[(S)-cyclopropyl-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | N-[(S)-cyclopropyl-[(2R)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | N-[(R)-cyclopropyl-[(2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | N-[(R)-cyclobutyl(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | (1S,2S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-N-propylbutan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl-[(1S,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | N-[(S)-cyclopropyl(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C15H21NO |
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—— | (1R,2S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-N-propylbutan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(R)-cyclopropyl(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C15H21NO |
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—— | (1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-4-methyl-N-propylpentan-1-amine | —— | C17H27NO |
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—— | N-[(S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H19NOS |
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—— | (1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-methyl-N-propylbutan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C13H19NO |
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—— | (1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-N-propylbutan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | (1S,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-N-propylbutan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H19NOS |
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—— | N-[(S)-cyclobutyl(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | (1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-N-propylpropan-1-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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—— | (1S)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-methyl-N-propylbutan-1-amine | —— | C16H25NO |
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—— | N-[(S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl(furan-3-yl)methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H19NO2 |
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—— | N-[(S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl-[(1S,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]methyl]propan-1-amine | —— | C16H23NO |
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—— | (1R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-methyl-N-propylpropan-1-amine | —— | C15H23NO |
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