香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[(2-methoxyacetyl)-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H30N2O6 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopentanecarbonyl-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H32Cl2N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl-(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H30Cl2N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[butanoyl(3-methylbutyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H36N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[cyclohexylmethyl(hept-6-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C29H40N2O5 |
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—— | 3-[1-adamantylmethyl(pent-4-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C33H44N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[1-adamantylmethyl(3-cyclopentylpropanoyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C36H48N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[1-adamantylmethyl(oxolane-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C33H44N2O8 |
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—— | 5-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)furan-2-carboxylic acid | —— | C13H10O4 |
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—— | 3-[cyclohexylmethyl(oxolane-2-carbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H36N2O6 |
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—— | 3-[butanoyl-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H31FN2O7 |
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—— | 3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl-(5-oxohexanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H35FN2O8 |
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—— | 3-[1-adamantylmethyl(3-methylbutanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H42N2O5 |
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—— | 3-[benzyl(hept-6-enoyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H36N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[furan-3-ylmethyl(2-methylpropanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H32N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C29H31FN2O7 |
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—— | 3-[acetyl(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C23H31N3O6 |
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—— | 3-[acetyl-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H29FN2O7 |
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—— | 4-[(2S)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidine | —— | C13H17NO |
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—— | 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[3-methylbutyl(octanoyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H42N2O5 |
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—— | 3-[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl-pentanoylamino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H35FN2O7 |
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—— | 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[octanoyl(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H48N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[(2-cyclopentylacetyl)-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H42N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[butanoyl(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H39N3O8 |
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—— | 3-[butanoyl(cycloheptyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H36N2O5 |
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—— | 8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[2-morpholin-4-ylethyl(octanoyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H45N3O8 |
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—— | 3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl-(3-methoxypropanoyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H31FN2O8 |
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—— | 8-formyl-3-[furan-3-ylmethyl(pent-4-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H30N2O8 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C24H25ClN2O3 |
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—— | 8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[pent-4-enoyl(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H38N2O8 |
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—— | 8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-(oxolane-3-carbonyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H36N2O9 |
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—— | 3-[benzyl-(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C25H28N2O6 |
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—— | 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[[(2R)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C21H19ClN2O4 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopropanecarbonyl-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C30H36N2O8 |
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—— | 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[3-methylbutyl(2-methylpropanoyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C24H34N2O5 |
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—— | 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[[(2S)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C20H16ClFN2O3 |
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—— | 2-[(Z)-[(2S)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methylideneamino]guanidine | —— | C12H16N4O2 |
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—— | 2-[(Z)-[(2R)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methylideneamino]guanidine | —— | C12H16N4O2 |
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—— | 3-[furan-3-ylmethyl(pent-2-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C25H28N2O6 |
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—— | 3-[1-adamantylmethyl(dodecanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C40H60N2O7 |
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—— | 2-[(2R)-4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-2-yl]ethanol | —— | C22H27FN2O2 |
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—— | 4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[(2-methoxyacetyl)-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H37N3O9 |
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—— | 8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[5-oxohexanoyl(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H36N2O9 |
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—— | 3-[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl-(3-methylbutanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H33FN2O5 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopropanecarbonyl-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H30Cl2N2O7 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C21H20N2O4 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C21H20N2O4 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C20H17FN2O3 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopentanecarbonyl-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H38N2O7 |
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—— | 3-[hept-6-enoyl-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C31H38N2O6 |
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