香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopentyl-(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C25H32N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[hexyl(5-oxohexanoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H38N2O6 |
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—— | 3-[cyclopropanecarbonyl-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H27FN2O5 |
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—— | 3-[3-ethoxypropyl(3-methoxypropanoyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C26H36N2O9 |
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—— | 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C27H29ClN2O5 |
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—— | 3-[benzyl(cyclopentanecarbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H32N2O5 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[[(2S)-2-phenoxypropanoyl]amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C20H21NO5 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[[(2R)-2-phenoxypropanoyl]amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C20H21NO5 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[[(2R)-2-phenoxypropanoyl]amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C20H21NO5 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxyacetamide | —— | C21H25NO3 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H20N2O5 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C17H17NO4S |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C17H17NO4S |
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—— | 3-[cyclopentanecarbonyl(furan-3-ylmethyl)amino]-8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C28H32N2O8 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[(2-phenoxyacetyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C19H19NO5 |
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—— | 3-[furan-3-ylmethyl-(2-methoxyacetyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-8-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C25H30N2O9 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[(2-phenoxyacetyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C19H19NO5 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[[(2S)-2-phenoxypropanoyl]amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C20H21NO5 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxyacetamide | —— | C21H25NO3 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H21NO2S |
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—— | (2S)-N-[[(2R)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C19H21NO4 |
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—— | (2S)-N-[[(2R)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C18H18FNO3 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[(furan-2-carbonylamino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C16H15NO5 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[(furan-2-carbonylamino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C16H15NO5 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-7-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxyacetamide | —— | C17H16FNO3 |
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—— | (2R)-N-[[(2S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C19H21NO4 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxyacetamide | —— | C18H19NO4 |
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—— | (2R)-N-[[(2R)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C18H18FNO3 |
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—— | (2R)-N-[[(2R)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C19H21NO4 |
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—— | (2S)-N-[[(2S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C19H21NO4 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[(5-chloropentanoylamino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C16H20ClNO4 |
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—— | (2S)-2-ethyl-N-[[(2R)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]hexanamide | —— | C18H27NO3 |
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—— | (E)-N-[[(2R)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]but-2-enamide | —— | C17H23NO2 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-7-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxyacetamide | —— | C17H16FNO3 |
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—— | 8-formyl-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methoxy-3-[2-morpholin-4-ylethyl(5-oxohexanoyl)amino]-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-1-carboxamide | —— | C29H39N3O9 |
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—— | methyl 5-[[(2S)-7-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methylamino]-5-oxopentanoate | —— | C15H18FNO4 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[(3-methylbutanoylamino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C16H21NO4 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide | —— | C18H25NO2 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[(5-methoxy-5-oxopentanoyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C17H21NO6 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide | —— | C18H25NO2 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[(6-methoxy-6-oxohexanoyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C18H23NO6 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[(3-methylbut-2-enoylamino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C16H19NO4 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[[(2S)-2-ethylhexanoyl]amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C19H27NO4 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-chloropentanamide | —— | C18H26ClNO2 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[(3-methoxy-3-oxopropanoyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C15H17NO6 |
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—— | (E)-N-[[(2S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]but-2-enamide | —— | C14H17NO3 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropanoyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C16H19NO6 |
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—— | (E)-N-[[(2S)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]but-2-enamide | —— | C17H23NO2 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[(5-methoxy-5-oxopentanoyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C17H21NO6 |
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—— | (2R)-2-ethyl-N-[[(2S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]hexanamide | —— | C18H27NO3 |
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