◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Zinc is a normal component in human milk. Typical daily doses of 15 mg or less of oral zinc from prenatal vitamins or other multimineral supplements do not alter milk zinc levels in lactating women. Mothers may therefore take zinc supplementation during lactation to achieve the recommended daily intake of 12 to 13 mg. Daily oral doses between 15 and 25 mg have negligible effects on milk zinc levels.
Sublingual zinc lozenges and nasal sprays used to prevent or treat adult viral upper respiratory tract infections have not been studied during lactation. Maternal use of these remedies several times daily for short time periods, as they are typically intended to be used, would not be expected to cause harm to the breastfed infant.
Zinc deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants, whether due to inadequate maternal zinc status or to infant premature birth or other causes, should be treated with direct zinc supplementation of the infant.
Pasteurization by the Holder method does not change the concentration of zinc in milk.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Zinc deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants can occur. Clinical features include facial and groin rash, diarrhea, hair loss, disinterest in feeding, and failure to thrive. One known cause is below-normal milk zinc levels due to maternal genetic mutations affecting mammary zinc transport proteins. Zinc deficiency may also occur in infants born very preterm who are not supplemented with special human milk fortifiers designed for premature babies. With both causes, direct administration of zinc drops to the infant quickly corrects the deficiency and alleviate the infant’s symptoms.
Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a congenital zinc deficiency disorder caused by genetic mutations affecting the infant’s intestinal zinc transporter proteins. Breastmilk is protective against this disorder, which typically develops after weaning from breastmilk feeding. Resuming breastmilk feeding, if possible, and direct infant supplementation with zinc drops are the recommended treatments.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Large doses of zinc may inhibit copper absorption in the intestine; zinc supplements should be taken at least 2 hours after the administration of copper supplements. /Zinc supplements/
Concurrent use of large amounts of fiber, phosphorus, or phytates with zinc supplements may reduce zinc absorption by formation of nonabsorbable complexes; food containing fiber, phosphorus, or phytates should be taken at least 2 hours after zinc supplements. /Zinc supplements/
Some studies have found that folate can decrease the absorption of zinc, but not in the presence of excessive zinc; other studies have found no inhibition. /Zinc supplements/
[EN] AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS FLAVOR MODIFIERS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'ACIDES AMINÉS ET LEUR UTILISATION EN TANT QUE MODIFICATEURS DE GOÛT
申请人:FIRMENICH & CIE
公开号:WO2021209345A1
公开(公告)日:2021-10-21
The present invention provides derivatives of glutamine of formula (I) and derivatives of arginine of formula (II), and the use of such compounds as flavor modifiers. The invention further provides the use of such derivatives of glutamine and arginine to enhance the salty and umami taste of ingestible compositions as ingestible compositions that include such derivatives of glutamine and arginine and bulking agents.
[EN] TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS<br/>[FR] TRAITEMENT D'INFECTIONS
申请人:ASCENDIS PHARMA AS
公开号:WO2020064844A1
公开(公告)日:2020-04-02
The present invention relates among other aspects to a conjugate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising said conjugate or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt for use in a method of preventing or treating an infection, wherein said conjugate is water-insoluble and comprises a polymeric moiety -Z to which a plurality of moieties -L2-X0D-L1-D are covalently conjugated, wherein each -D is independently an antibiotic moiety; each -L1- is independently a linker moiety to which -D is covalently and reversibly conjugated; each -X0D- is independently absent or a linkage and each -L2- is independently either a chemical bond or a spacer moiety.
[EN] COMPOUNDS USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT AND/OR CARE OF THE SKIN, HAIR, NAILS AND/OR MUCOUS MEMBRANES<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS UTILES DANS LE TRAITEMENT ET/OU LES SOINS DE LA PEAU, DES CHEVEUX, DES ONGLES ET/OU DES MUQUEUSES
申请人:LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MAT INC
公开号:WO2019008452A1
公开(公告)日:2019-01-10
A compound of formula (I) R1-Wm-Xn-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-AA5-AA6-AA7-AA8-AA9-Yp-Zq-R2 wherein AA1 is Phe; AA2 is Trp; AA3 is selected from the group consisting of Met, Leu and lie; AA4 is selected from the group consisting of Lys, Arg and Gin; AA5 is Arg; AA6 is Lys; AA7 is selected from the group consisting of Arg, Lys and His; AA8 is selected from the group consisting of Val, lie, Leu and Met; and AA9 is Pro, useful in the treatment and/or care of the skin, hair, nails and/or mucous membranes, in particular for improving the barrier function of the skin, for energising the skin and as an anti- aging agent.
BITTER TASTE MODIFIERS INCLUDING SUBSTITUTED 1-BENZYL-3-(1-(ISOXAZOL-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)IMIDAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
申请人:SENOMYX, INC.
公开号:US20160376263A1
公开(公告)日:2016-12-29
The present invention includes compounds and compositions known to modify the perception of bitter taste, and combinations of said compositions and compounds with additional compositions, compounds, and products. Exemplary compositions comprise one or more of the following: cooling agents; inactive drug ingredients; active pharmaceutical ingredients; food additives or foodstuffs; flavorants, or flavor enhancers; food or beverage products; bitter compounds; sweeteners; bitterants; sour flavorants; salty flavorants; umami flavorants; plant or animal products; compounds known to be used in pet care products; compounds known to be used in personal care products; compounds known to be used in home products; pharmaceutical preparations; topical preparations; cannabis-derived or cannabis-related products; compounds known to be used in oral care products; beverages; scents, perfumes, or odorants; compounds known to be used in consumer products; silicone compounds; abrasives; surfactants; warming agents; smoking articles; fats, oils, or emulsions; and/or probiotic bacteria or supplements.
[EN] 2,3,7-TRIMETHYLOCT-6-ENYL ACETATE AND 3,7-DIMETHYL-2-METHYLENE-OCT-6-ENYL ACETATE AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF AND THEIR USE AS AROMA CHEMICALS<br/>[FR] ACÉTATE DE 2,3,7-TRIMÉTHYLOCT-6-ÉNYLE ET DE 3,7-DIMÉTHYL-2-MÉTHYLÈNE-OCT-6-ÉNYLE, LEURS DÉRIVÉS ET LEUR UTILISATION EN TANT QUE PRODUITS CHIMIQUES AROMATIQUES
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:WO2018206415A1
公开(公告)日:2018-11-15
The present invention relates to 2,3,7-Trimethyloct-6-enyl acetate and 3,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-oct-6-enyl acetate and derivatives thereof and their use as aroma chemicals.