disodium;[2,7-dibromo-9-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-4-yl]mercury;hydrate | 129-16-8

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 人工合成抗感染类药 - 消毒防腐药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 苯并吡喃
• 英文名称: disodium;[2,7-dibromo-9-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-4-yl]mercury;hydrate
• CAS: 129-16-8
• 化学式: C20H9Br2HgNa2O6
• 分子量: 751.7
• InChiKey: KQSRXDXJGUJRKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  ≥300 °C
• 溶解度：
  水：≥ 50 mg/mL (66.43 mM)；DMSO：6.67 mg/mL (8.86 mM)
• LogP：
  1.418 at 25℃

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.12
• 重原子数：
  31
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  90.5
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

有机汞主要通过消化道吸收，然后通过血液分布到全身。有机汞与自由的半胱氨酸以及血红蛋白等蛋白质上的半胱氨酸和巯基团结合。这些复合物能够模拟甲硫氨酸，从而被运输到全身，包括通过血脑屏障和胎盘。有机汞代谢成无机汞，最终通过尿液和粪便排出体外。溴主要通过吸入吸收，但也可以通过皮肤接触进入人体。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的反应性，它会迅速形成溴化物并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。(L626, T11)

Organic mercury is absorbed mainly by the gastrointestinal tract, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. Organic mercury complexes with free cysteine and the cysteine and sulfhydryl groups on proteins such as haemoglobin. These complexes are able to mimic methionine and thus be transported throughout the body, including through the blood-brain barrier and placenta. Organic mercury is metabolized into inorganic mercury, which is eventually excreted in the urine and faeces. Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626, T11)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

汞离子与蛋白质的巯基或硫醇基团的高亲和力结合被认为是汞活性的主要机制。通过改变细胞内巯基状态，汞可以促进氧化应激、脂质过氧化、线粒体功能障碍和血红素代谢的变化。已知汞能与微囊和线粒体酶结合，导致细胞损伤和死亡。例如，汞能抑制水通道蛋白，阻止细胞膜上的水流。它还抑制LCK蛋白，导致T细胞信号传导减少和免疫系统抑制。汞还被认为是通过作用于突触后神经元膜来抑制神经兴奋性。它还通过抑制蛋白激酶C和碱性磷酸酶来影响神经系统，这会损害脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变血脑屏障。有机汞通过与微管蛋白结合，阻止微管组装和导致有丝分裂抑制，从而产生发育效应。汞还能产生自身免疫反应，可能是通过修饰主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）II类分子、自身肽、T细胞受体或细胞表面粘附分子。溴是一种强氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放氧气自由基。这些自由基也是强氧化剂，能产生组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子也被知道会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子在神经递质和传输系统的反应中替代氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。（L626, L627, A543, L7, A8, A25, A26）

High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Organic mercury exerts developmental effects by binding to tubulin, preventing microtubule assembly and causing mitotic inhibition. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543, L7, A8, A25, A26)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

无致癌性迹象（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

水银主要影响神经系统。长期接触高浓度的金属、无机或有机水银可能会对大脑、肾脏和发育中的胎儿造成永久性损害。对大脑功能的影响可能导致易怒、害羞、震颤、视力或听力改变以及记忆问题。儿童的水银中毒，被称为手足口病，其特征是手和脚疼痛和粉红色变色。水银中毒还可能引起亨特-拉塞尔综合症和熊本病。溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从中睡到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理性反射、阵挛性癫痫、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、麻痹、眼乳头水肿、语言异常、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神疾病等中枢反应。

Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627, L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L7）；吸入（L7）；皮肤给药（L7）

Oral (L7) ; inhalation (L7) ; dermal (L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

常见症状包括周围神经病变（表现为感觉异常、瘙痒、灼热或疼痛）、皮肤变色（红润的面颊、指尖和脚趾）、水肿（肿胀）和脱屑（死皮成层脱落）。溴蒸气引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。症状包括流泪、流鼻涕、眼部刺激伴有来自口咽部和上呼吸道的粘液分泌、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，可导致共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆力和注意力受损、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。（L626，L627，A5）

Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627, A5)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 危险品标志：
  T+,N
• 安全说明：
  S13,S28,S36,S45,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R33,R50/53,R26/27/28
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 2025
• RTECS号：
  LM5250000
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  6.1(a)

制备方法与用途

生物活性

Merbromin 用作割伤和擦伤的局部消毒剂，同时也作为一种生物染料。研究显示，Merbromin 能有效抑制寨卡病毒 (ZIKV) 的复制，并通过抑制 ZIKVpro 表现出抗 ZIKV 效力。

用途

Merbromin 主要用于医药领域的外用消毒剂以及化工产品的原料。

类别

有毒物质

毒性分级

中毒

急性毒性

腹腔-小鼠 LD50: 200 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性

Merbromin 具有可燃性，火场会产生含汞、溴化物和氧化钠的辛辣刺激烟雾。

储运特性

库房应低温、通风且干燥保存。

灭火剂

使用水、二氧化碳、干粉或砂土灭火。