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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— bis[(+)-pinanediolato]diboron 230299-05-5 C20H32B2O4
    bis[(+)-pinanediolato]diboron
    —— (rac)-halofuginone lactate 82186-71-8 C3H6O3*C16H17BrClN3O3
    (rac)-halofuginone lactate
    —— glycerol diglycidyl ether 27043-36-3 C9H16O5
    glycerol diglycidyl ether
    —— tert-butyl 4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 1134327-76-6 C17H22FNO3
    tert-butyl 4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— methyl 4-bromo-2-formylbenzoate 1260795-42-3 C9H7BrO3
    methyl 4-bromo-2-formylbenzoate
    —— tert-butyl (2E)-3-cyclopropylprop-2-enoate 1643971-46-3 C10H16O2
    tert-butyl (2E)-3-cyclopropylprop-2-enoate
    —— sodium 3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-olate 58986-28-0 C5H7O3*Na
    sodium 3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-olate
    —— sodium (E)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-olate 58986-28-0 C5H7O3*Na
    sodium (E)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-olate
    —— methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylate 1451085-08-7 C12H13BrO2
    methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylate
    —— methyl 4-formyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate 35344-93-5 C6H6N2O3
    methyl 4-formyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 2-amino-2-iminoacetate hydrochloride 76029-62-4 C4H8N2O2*ClH
    ethyl 2-amino-2-iminoacetate hydrochloride
    —— tert-butyl ((3S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate 213388-72-8 C9H17FN2O2
    tert-butyl ((3S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate
    —— Dodecanedioic acid, mono(phenylmethyl) ester 88353-04-2 C19H27O4-
    Dodecanedioic acid, mono(phenylmethyl) ester
    —— methyl 4-chloro-1H-indole-6-carboxylate 885522-78-1 C10H8ClNO2
    methyl 4-chloro-1H-indole-6-carboxylate
    —— sodium;ethyl (E)-3-hydroxyprop-2-enoate 58986-28-0 C5H8NaO3+
    sodium;ethyl (E)-3-hydroxyprop-2-enoate
    —— monomethyl oxalate 600-23-7 C3H3O4
    monomethyl oxalate
    —— 2-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-8-yloxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate 65983-31-5 C15H20O3
    2-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-8-yloxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate
    —— Bisoxireno(1,10a:3,4)phenanthro(3,2-b)furan-9-ol, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7a,9,11a,11b,11c-dodecahydro-4,4,8,11c-tetramethyl- 116360-82-8 C20H28O4
    Bisoxireno(1,10a:3,4)phenanthro(3,2-b)furan-9-ol, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7a,9,11a,11b,11c-dodecahydro-4,4,8,11c-tetramethyl-
    —— Pyrophaeophorbide-a-monomethyl ester 6453-67-4 C34H36N4O3
    Pyrophaeophorbide-a-monomethyl ester
    —— 4-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxycarbonyl]benzoic acid 27697-00-3 C14H14O6
    4-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxycarbonyl]benzoic acid
    —— Coproporphyrin III tetramethyl ester 5522-63-4 C40H46N4O8
    Coproporphyrin III tetramethyl ester
    —— 2-Octan-2-yloxycarbonylbenzoic acid; 2-(2-phenoxyethoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid 69043-96-5 C32H36O9
    2-Octan-2-yloxycarbonylbenzoic acid; 2-(2-phenoxyethoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid
    —— Hex-3-en-1-yl methyl carbonate 67633-96-9 C8H14O3
    Hex-3-en-1-yl methyl carbonate
    —— Bis(3-methoxybutyl) peroxydicarbonate 52238-68-3 C12H22O8
    Bis(3-methoxybutyl) peroxydicarbonate
    —— 1-[4-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)but-2-ynoxy]propan-2-ol 1606-87-7 C10H18O4
    1-[4-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)but-2-ynoxy]propan-2-ol
    —— Quinoside D 96990-19-1 C47H74O18
    Quinoside D
    —— Pyroporphyrin dimethyl ester 10589-94-3 C32H34N4O4
    Pyroporphyrin dimethyl ester
    —— Methyl 3-[5-(oxiran-2-yl)pentyl]undecanoate 2500-59-6 C19H36O3
    Methyl 3-[5-(oxiran-2-yl)pentyl]undecanoate
    —— Einecs 243-916-8 20605-01-0 C9H16O6
    Einecs 243-916-8
    —— Carbamic acid, (hydroxymethyl)-, methyl ester 15438-65-0 C3H7NO3
    Carbamic acid, (hydroxymethyl)-, methyl ester
    —— Mesoporphyrin ix dimethyl ester 1263-63-4 C36H42N4O4
    Mesoporphyrin ix dimethyl ester
    —— Bis(6-methylheptyl) but-2-enedioate 1330-76-3 C20H36O4
    Bis(6-methylheptyl) but-2-enedioate
    —— Methyl phaeophorbide 5594-30-9 C36H38N4O5
    Methyl phaeophorbide
    —— Uroporphyrin I octamethyl ester 10170-03-3 C48H54N4O16
    Uroporphyrin I octamethyl ester
    —— Quinetolate 5714-76-1 C38H57N5O7
    Quinetolate
    —— Ethyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate hemihydrate 4142-98-7 C18H22O9
    Ethyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate hemihydrate
    —— Demoxepam 963-39-3 C15H11ClN2O2
    Demoxepam
    —— D-Glucoheptonic acid-1,4-lactone 89-67-8 C7H12O7
    D-Glucoheptonic acid-1,4-lactone
    —— Oleanonsaeure-methylester 1721-58-0 C31H48O3
    Oleanonsaeure-methylester
    —— i-propyl 9-octadecenoate 112-11-8 C21H40O2
    i-propyl 9-octadecenoate
    —— Phenazine methosulfate 299-11-6 CH3O3S*C13H11N2
    Phenazine methosulfate
    —— lithocholic acid methyl ester 1249-75-8 C25H42O3
    lithocholic acid methyl ester
    —— Cholesteryl-oleyl-carbonat 17110-51-9 C46H80O3
    Cholesteryl-oleyl-carbonat
    —— Carbonic acid 17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester (E)-octadec-9-enyl ester 17110-51-9 C46H80O3
    Carbonic acid 17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester (E)-octadec-9-enyl ester
    —— 3-tert-butyldioxycarbonylacrylic acid 1931-62-0 C8H12O5
    3-tert-butyldioxycarbonylacrylic acid
    —— Tropin-isobuttersaeureester 495-80-7 C12H21NO2
    Tropin-isobuttersaeureester
    —— 4-bromo-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 886372-03-8 C8H8BrNO2
    4-bromo-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— euphornin 80454-47-3 C33H44O9
    euphornin
    —— (Z)-ethyl N-mesitylsulfonyloxyacetimidate 38202-27-6 C13H19NO4S
    (Z)-ethyl N-mesitylsulfonyloxyacetimidate
    —— Dimethyl 2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-4,5-dicarboxylate 117470-90-3 C6H8O8S
    Dimethyl 2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-4,5-dicarboxylate