酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-芘基甲基甲基丙烯酸酯 | (1-pyrene)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate | 86112-79-0 | C21H16O2 |
|
| 1-羟基环丙羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-hydroxycyclopropanecarboxylate | 137682-89-4 | C6H10O3 |
|
| 1-羟基-3,6,9,12,15-五氧杂十八烷-18-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 1-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaoctadecan-18-oate | 850090-09-4 | C17H34O8 |
|
| 1-羟基-1-环已基甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate | 1127-01-1 | C9H16O3 |
|
| 1-羟基-1-环丙羧酸甲酯 | 1-hydroxy-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 33689-29-1 | C5H8O3 |
|
| 1-硫代异氰酸戊酯 | pentyl isothiocyanate | 629-12-9 | C6H11NS |
|
| 1-甲氧基二环[2.2.2]辛基-5-烯-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methoxybicyclo<2.2.2>oct-5-ene-carboxylate | 5259-50-7 | C11H16O3 |
|
| 1-甲氧基-5-甲基吩嗪硫酸甲酯盐 | 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate | 65162-13-2 | CH3O4S*C14H13N2O |
|
| 1-甲氧基-2-萘酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methoxy-2-naphthoate | 6039-59-4 | C13H12O3 |
|
| 1-甲巯基环丙基乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(1-(mercaptomethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate | 152922-73-1 | C7H12O2S |
|
| 1-甲基环丙烷-1-甲酸乙酯 | 1-Methylcyclopropancarbonsaeure-ethylester | 71441-76-4 | C7H12O2 |
|
| 1-甲基咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate | 17289-20-2 | C6H8N2O2 |
|
| 1-甲基咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate | 66787-70-0 | C7H10N2O2 |
|
| 1-甲基咪唑-4-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylate | 41507-56-6 | C7H10N2O2 |
|
| 1-甲基吡咯烷-3-甲酸甲酯 | 3-Methoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidin | 34616-29-0 | C7H13NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基吡咯烷-3-甲酸乙酯 | 1-Methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidin | 14398-95-9 | C8H15NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基丙-1-烯基乙酸酯 | 2-acetoxy-2-butene | 6203-88-9 | C6H10O2 |
|
| 1-甲基-6-氧代-1.6-二氢吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯 | 1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 20845-22-1 | C8H9NO3 |
|
| 1-甲基-6-吲哚甲酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methylindole-6-carboxylate | 1204-32-6 | C11H11NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基-5-硝基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-丁酸乙酯 | 4‐(1‐methyl‐5‐nitro‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)butyric acid ethyl ester | 3543-72-4 | C14H17N3O4 |
|
| 1-甲基-5-硝基-1H-吡咯-2-甲酸甲酯 | N-methyl-5-nitropyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 13138-75-5 | C7H8N2O4 |
|
| 1-甲基-5-氧代吡咯烷-3-羧酸甲酯 | 1-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 59857-86-2 | C7H11NO3 |
|
| 1-甲基-4-硝基-1H-咪唑-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole-2-carboxylate | 169770-25-6 | C6H7N3O4 |
|
| 1-甲基-4-氧代环己烷羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-methyl-4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate | 147905-77-9 | C10H16O3 |
|
| 1-甲基-4-哌啶乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)acetate | 95533-25-8 | C9H17NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基-3-哌啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-methylpiperidine-3-carboxylate | 5166-67-6 | C9H17NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基-3-吲唑羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate | 109216-60-6 | C10H10N2O2 |
|
| 1-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-2-piperidinecarboxylate | 1690-74-0 | C8H15NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-methylpiperidine-2-carboxylate | 30727-18-5 | C9H17NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基-2-吲哚甲酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate | 37493-34-8 | C11H11NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基-2-吡咯乙酸甲酯 | N-methyl-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)pyrrole | 51856-79-2 | C8H11NO2 |
|
| 1-甲基-1H-吲唑-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate | 1092351-82-0 | C10H10N2O2 |
|
| 1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate | 17827-60-0 | C6H8N2O2 |
|
| 1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4,5-二甲酸 4-乙酯 | 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid | 81303-65-3 | C8H10N2O4 |
|
| 1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate | 17827-61-1 | C6H8N2O2 |
|
| 1-环己烯羧酸乙酯 | cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1617-22-7 | C9H14O2 |
|
| 1-环己烯基-1-甲酸甲酯 | Methyl 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate | 18448-47-0 | C8H12O2 |
|
| 1-环丙基-6,8-二氟-7-(3-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代-1,4-二氢喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯 | 1-Cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103460-87-3 | C20H23F2N3O3 |
|
| 1-环丙基-6,7-二氟-4-氧代-1,4-二氢喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylate | 98349-25-8 | C15H13F2NO3 |
|
| 1-溴环戊烷羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-bromocyclopentanecarboxylate | 30038-94-9 | C8H13BrO2 |
|
| 1-溴环丙烷羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-bromocyclopropanecarboxylate | 96999-01-8 | C5H7BrO2 |
|
| 1-溴环丙烷羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-bromocyclopropanecarboxylate | 89544-83-2 | C6H9BrO2 |
|
| 1-溴环丁烷羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-bromocyclobutanecarboxylate | 51175-79-2 | C6H9BrO2 |
|
| 1-溴-4-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙氧基)苯 | 1-bromo-4-(pentafluoroethoxy)benzene | 56425-85-5 | C8H4BrF5O |
|
| 1-氰基环丙基甲酸乙酯 | 1-carbethoxy-1-cyanocyclopropane | 1558-81-2 | C7H9NO2 |
|
| 1-氰基环丁烷羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-cyanocyclobutanecarboxylate | 58920-79-9 | C7H9NO2 |
|
| 1-氰基环丁基羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 1-cyanocyclobutanecarboxylate | 28246-87-9 | C8H11NO2 |
|
| 1-氯乙基氯甲酸酯 | carbonochloridic acid 1-chloro-ethyl ester | 50893-53-3 | C3H4Cl2O2 |
|
| 1-氯乙基异丙基碳酸酯 | 1-(isopropoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl chloride | 98298-66-9 | C6H11ClO3 |
|
| 1-氯乙基乙基碳酸酯 | 1-Chloroethyl ethyl carbonate | 50893-36-2 | C5H9ClO3 |
|
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