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酯类

酯类 定义与结构

酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物,其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸(-COOH)与醇(-OH)通过缩合反应制备而来。

合成方法
  1. 酯化反应:最常见的是通过酯化反应,即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
  2. 直接合成:某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
  3. 酶法合成:利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
物理化学性质
  • 酯通常具有较高的沸点,且多为无色液体或固体。
  • 由于含有-O-键,在水中的溶解度较低,但能溶于有机溶剂中。
  • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
应用领域
  1. 医药行业:许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如,某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
  2. 食品工业:天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物,赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
  3. 塑料与涂料:某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
环境影响

一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累,并具有一定的毒性。因此,在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

安全性

酯类化合物一般较为稳定,但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类,如含有有毒基团的酯,则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
—— 3-(N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)-4-methyloxyphenyl iodide 1388628-73-6 C13H18INO3
—— ((1R,2S)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-((p-tosyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)methyl acetate 1450904-92-3 C20H21FO5S
—— (+)-Bis(pinanediolato)diboron 230299-05-5 C20H32B2O4
—— Essigsaeure-<(2R,4'R,8'R)-α-tocopherylester> 58-95-7 C31H52O3
—— 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol,3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-,acetate, (2S)- 58-95-7 C31H52O3
—— methyl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 307307-82-0 C9H12N2O2
—— methyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-O-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-D-tyrosinate 149709-56-8 C16H20F3NO7S
—— [(2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-yl] (2Z,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoate 40516-48-1 C49H76O3
—— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(2-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate 229977-57-5 C20H25NO11
—— 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranosyl 1-(N-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidate 942428-83-3 C22H24F3NO10
—— 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate 16561-29-8 C36H56O8
—— 4α-Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 16561-29-8 C36H56O8
—— 4α-Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 16561-29-8 C36H56O8
—— methyl 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate 1315510-13-4 C12H8F3NO2S
—— (2-tert-butoxy-2-oxoethyl)zinc(II) bromide 51656-70-3 C6H11BrO2Zn
—— 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl 2,5-dichlorobenzoate 1403815-88-2 C13H11Cl2N3O4
—— 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl 2-bromobenzoate 1392515-27-3 C13H12BrN3O4
—— methyl (phenyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-2-thio-D-glycerol-β-D-galactonon-2-ulopyranoside)onate 118977-25-6 C26H33NO12S
—— ethyl-3-ethoxy-2-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzoyl)acrylate 101799-75-1 C14H13F3O4
—— bis[(+)-pinanediolato]diboron 230299-05-5 C20H32B2O4
—— (rac)-halofuginone lactate 82186-71-8 C3H6O3*C16H17BrClN3O3
—— glycerol diglycidyl ether 27043-36-3 C9H16O5
—— tert-butyl 4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 1134327-76-6 C17H22FNO3
—— methyl 4-bromo-2-formylbenzoate 1260795-42-3 C9H7BrO3
—— tert-butyl (2E)-3-cyclopropylprop-2-enoate 1643971-46-3 C10H16O2
—— sodium 3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-olate 58986-28-0 C5H7O3*Na
—— sodium (E)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-olate 58986-28-0 C5H7O3*Na
—— methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylate 1451085-08-7 C12H13BrO2
—— methyl 4-formyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate 35344-93-5 C6H6N2O3
—— ethyl 2-amino-2-iminoacetate hydrochloride 76029-62-4 C4H8N2O2*ClH
—— tert-butyl ((3S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate 213388-72-8 C9H17FN2O2
—— Dodecanedioic acid, mono(phenylmethyl) ester 88353-04-2 C19H27O4-
—— methyl 4-chloro-1H-indole-6-carboxylate 885522-78-1 C10H8ClNO2
—— Einecs 234-272-9 11047-43-1 C29H33N5O11
—— p-ethoxycarbonyldimethylphenylphosphine 52023-19-5 C11H15O2P
—— 4-Diisopropylphosphanyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester 52023-20-8 C15H23O2P
—— sodium;ethyl (E)-3-hydroxyprop-2-enoate 58986-28-0 C5H8NaO3+
—— Methyl 6-amino-5-cyanonicotinate 365413-21-4 C8H7N3O2
—— monomethyl oxalate 600-23-7 C3H3O4
—— Cyclobutyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate 118420-89-6 C8H12O2
—— [2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate 1130296-65-9 C18H17F7O3
—— 2-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-8-yloxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate 65983-31-5 C15H20O3
—— Bisoxireno(1,10a:3,4)phenanthro(3,2-b)furan-9-ol, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7a,9,11a,11b,11c-dodecahydro-4,4,8,11c-tetramethyl- 116360-82-8 C20H28O4
—— Pyrophaeophorbide-a-monomethyl ester 6453-67-4 C34H36N4O3
—— 4-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxycarbonyl]benzoic acid 27697-00-3 C14H14O6
—— Coproporphyrin III tetramethyl ester 5522-63-4 C40H46N4O8
—— 2-Octan-2-yloxycarbonylbenzoic acid; 2-(2-phenoxyethoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid 69043-96-5 C32H36O9
—— Hex-3-en-1-yl methyl carbonate 67633-96-9 C8H14O3
—— Bis(3-methoxybutyl) peroxydicarbonate 52238-68-3 C12H22O8
—— 1-[4-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)but-2-ynoxy]propan-2-ol 1606-87-7 C10H18O4