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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (+/-)-formic acid-[2<i>exo</i>]norbornyl ester 41498-71-9 C8H12O2
    (+/-)-formic acid-[2<i>exo</i>]norbornyl ester
    —— dimethyl (2,2’-bifuran)-5,5’-dicarboxylate 5905-02-2 C12H10O6
    dimethyl (2,2’-bifuran)-5,5’-dicarboxylate
    —— N-(Boc)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenethylamine 31493-49-9 C14H21NO4
    N-(Boc)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenethylamine
    —— methyl 2-fluoro-2-phenylacetate 924312-37-8 C9H8BrFO2
    methyl 2-fluoro-2-phenylacetate
    —— tert-butyl 3-(4-aminobenzyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1187172-03-7 C16H24N2O2
    tert-butyl 3-(4-aminobenzyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S)-2-acetyl-2-azabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-3-one 189098-29-1 C8H9NO2
    (1R,4S)-2-acetyl-2-azabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-3-one
    —— 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzoate 92118-84-8 C25H28FNO2
    3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzoate
    —— isobornyl methacrylate 1849650-46-9 C14H22O2
    isobornyl methacrylate
    —— Methyl 3-amino-2-cyanobenzoate 77326-43-3 C9H8N2O2
    Methyl 3-amino-2-cyanobenzoate
    —— methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyclohexylpropanoate 195877-59-9 C15H27NO4
    methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyclohexylpropanoate
    —— tert-butyl (2-bromo-5-methylphenyl)carbamate 1186637-29-5 C12H16BrNO2
    tert-butyl (2-bromo-5-methylphenyl)carbamate
    —— (3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-anthranilic acid methyl ester 53902-20-8 C19H19NO5
    (3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-anthranilic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl (2E)-3-[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]prop-2-enoate 1018673-96-5 C10H11NO3
    methyl (2E)-3-[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]prop-2-enoate
    —— methyl 3,4-ethylenedioxyphenylacetate 25379-89-9 C11H12O4
    methyl 3,4-ethylenedioxyphenylacetate
    —— methyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoate 112914-03-1 C10H12ClNO3
    methyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoate
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-(cyanomethyl)phenyl]carbamate 1238507-98-6 C13H16N2O2
    tert-butyl N-[2-(cyanomethyl)phenyl]carbamate
    —— Cholesterolformate 4351-55-7 C28H46O2
    Cholesterolformate
    —— meso-Diethyl 2,5-Dibromoadipate 54221-37-3 C10H16Br2O4
    meso-Diethyl 2,5-Dibromoadipate
    —— methyl 1-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylate 915187-39-2 C13H15FN2O4
    methyl 1-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylate
    —— ethyl 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetate 56795-98-3 C6H9NO2S
    ethyl 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetate
    —— methyl 3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-formylthiophene-2-carboxylate 946605-42-1 C12H15NO5S
    methyl 3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-formylthiophene-2-carboxylate
    —— (R)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate 67614-33-9 C25H22ClNO3
    (R)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate
    —— tert-butyl 4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 190446-85-6 C11H20N2O3
    tert-butyl 4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— Ciclonicate 53449-58-4 C15H21NO2
    Ciclonicate
    —— methyl 6-chlorosulfonylpyridine-2-carboxylate 1314922-50-3 C7H6ClNO4S
    methyl 6-chlorosulfonylpyridine-2-carboxylate
    —— 1,1-dimethylethyl (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)carbamate 100282-49-3 C12H16ClNO2
    1,1-dimethylethyl (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)carbamate
    —— methyl 3-bromo-2-bromomethyl-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate 1042722-41-7 C11H12Br2O4
    methyl 3-bromo-2-bromomethyl-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate
    —— tert-butyl (S)-2-methyl-3-oxoazetidine-1-carboxylate 171919-76-9 C9H15NO3
    tert-butyl (S)-2-methyl-3-oxoazetidine-1-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl 7-chloro-1H,2H,3H-pyrido[3,4-b][1,4]oxazine-1-carboxylate 1006688-26-1 C12H15ClN2O3
    tert-butyl 7-chloro-1H,2H,3H-pyrido[3,4-b][1,4]oxazine-1-carboxylate
    —— O-Acetyl-willagenin 915-35-5 C29H44O5
    O-Acetyl-willagenin
    —— Methyl 5-chloro-2-(methylsulfanyl)benzoate 861306-45-8 C9H9ClO2S
    Methyl 5-chloro-2-(methylsulfanyl)benzoate
    —— 20-methoxy-20-oxoicosanoic acid 1767-98-2 C21H40O4
    20-methoxy-20-oxoicosanoic acid
    —— 17-methoxy-17-oxohexadecanoic acid 72849-42-4 C18H34O4
    17-methoxy-17-oxohexadecanoic acid
    —— (R)-methyl 2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)acetate 144261-23-4 C14H28O5Si
    (R)-methyl 2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)acetate
    —— diethyl (5-bromo-2-chloro-benzyl)-phosphonate 874650-47-2 C11H15BrClO3P
    diethyl (5-bromo-2-chloro-benzyl)-phosphonate
    —— 3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 159693-06-8 C12H10FNO3
    3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— ethyl 7-acetyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate 90395-39-4 C13H13NO3
    ethyl 7-acetyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate
    —— iso-bornyl methacrylate 7534-94-3 C14H22O2
    iso-bornyl methacrylate
    —— diethyl (2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)phosphonate 55298-76-5 C13H21O5P
    diethyl (2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)phosphonate
    —— tert-butyl (4-bromo-2,6-diethylphenyl)carbamate 1090512-31-4 C15H22BrNO2
    tert-butyl (4-bromo-2,6-diethylphenyl)carbamate
    —— (S)-1-tert-butyl 2-methyl 5-oxopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate 915976-31-7 C12H19NO5
    (S)-1-tert-butyl 2-methyl 5-oxopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate
    —— methyl 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylate 1135272-67-1 C12H13NO3
    methyl 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl (1R,5R)-6-benzyl-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate 309962-75-2 C17H24N2O2
    tert-butyl (1R,5R)-6-benzyl-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl 5-bromo-6-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate 1214336-44-3 C7H5BrFNO2
    methyl 5-bromo-6-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl 2-(2-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl(methyl)carbamate 1260430-85-0 C14H28N4O5
    tert-butyl 2-(2-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl(methyl)carbamate
    —— N-Cyanoacetimidsaeure-aethylester 1558-82-3 C5H8N2O
    N-Cyanoacetimidsaeure-aethylester
    —— tert-butyl [(1R,5S,6S)-3-ethyl-6-(nitromethyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-6-yl]acetate 1138246-18-0 C16H25NO4
    tert-butyl [(1R,5S,6S)-3-ethyl-6-(nitromethyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-6-yl]acetate
    —— (4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone 135865-78-0 C13H18N4O
    (4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone
    —— methyl 5-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)nicotinate 1418274-46-0 C10H12N2O3
    methyl 5-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)nicotinate
    —— methyl 3-bromo-5-(chlorosulfonyl)benzoate 668261-21-0 C8H6BrClO4S
    methyl 3-bromo-5-(chlorosulfonyl)benzoate