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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,6-dichloro-α-(ethoxymethylene)-5-fluoro-β-oxo-3-pyridinepropanoic acid ethyl ester 96568-05-7 C13H12Cl2FNO4
    2,6-dichloro-α-(ethoxymethylene)-5-fluoro-β-oxo-3-pyridinepropanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— (2Z,6E)-farnesyl acetate 4128-17-0 C17H28O2
    (2Z,6E)-farnesyl acetate
    —— 2-[(4-decyloxy-3-ethoxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-malonic acid diethyl ester 26692-07-9 C26H41NO6
    2-[(4-decyloxy-3-ethoxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— methyl 2-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate 129592-88-7 C9H8BrFO2
    methyl 2-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate
    —— methyl 2-{[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino}butanoate 1462367-22-1 C13H19NO3
    methyl 2-{[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino}butanoate
    —— (3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-propynoic acid ethyl ester 1229236-35-4 C11H8F2O2
    (3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-propynoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-bromo-5-chloro-4-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester 1061314-02-0 C9H8BrClO2
    2-bromo-5-chloro-4-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-(4-bromopyridin-2-yl)acetate 1354021-08-1 C8H8BrNO2
    methyl 2-(4-bromopyridin-2-yl)acetate
    —— tert-butyl 2-carbamoyl-1H-pyrrol-1-ylcarbamate 1206824-76-1 C10H15N3O3
    tert-butyl 2-carbamoyl-1H-pyrrol-1-ylcarbamate
    —— dimethyl (2-cyclohexyl-2-oxoethyl)phosphonate 58009-66-8 C10H19O4P
    dimethyl (2-cyclohexyl-2-oxoethyl)phosphonate
    —— ethyl 2-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-[(2-phthalimido)ethoxy]acetoacetate 400024-08-0 C23H20ClNO6
    ethyl 2-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-[(2-phthalimido)ethoxy]acetoacetate
    —— amino-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 230302-66-6 C12H17NO4
    amino-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— tert-butyl (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-hydroxypentanoate 90194-99-3 C14H27NO5
    tert-butyl (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-hydroxypentanoate
    —— methyl 2-diphenylphosphinobenzoate 79932-99-3 C20H17O2P
    methyl 2-diphenylphosphinobenzoate
    —— tert-butyl (1-(3-bromophenyl)cyclopropyl)carbamate 597563-17-2 C14H18BrNO2
    tert-butyl (1-(3-bromophenyl)cyclopropyl)carbamate
    —— Methyl trans-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-cyclohexanecarboxylate 146307-51-9 C13H23NO4
    Methyl trans-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-cyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— ethyl 2-[N-ethoxyformyl methyl-N-(4-formylphenyl)]aminoacetate 27919-79-5 C15H19NO5
    ethyl 2-[N-ethoxyformyl methyl-N-(4-formylphenyl)]aminoacetate
    —— camylofine dihydrochloride 5892-41-1 C19H32N2O2*2ClH
    camylofine dihydrochloride
    —— ethyl 2-amino-2-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)propanoate 1199793-06-0 C10H13ClN2O2
    ethyl 2-amino-2-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)propanoate
    —— methyl ethyl fumaric acid ester 4749-70-6 C7H10O4
    methyl ethyl fumaric acid ester
    —— ethyl 2-(2-morpholinocyclopent-2-enylidene)acetate 380350-42-5 C13H19NO3
    ethyl 2-(2-morpholinocyclopent-2-enylidene)acetate
    —— methyl 2-Boc-aminomethyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate 297165-31-2 C11H20N2O4S
    methyl 2-Boc-aminomethyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate
    —— titanium(IV) isobutoxide 7425-80-1 C16H36O4Ti
    titanium(IV) isobutoxide
    —— di-tert-butyl methylenemalonate 86633-09-2 C12H20O4
    di-tert-butyl methylenemalonate
    —— 3-phenylpropyl (E)-3-phenyl-2-propenoate 122-68-9 C18H18O2
    3-phenylpropyl (E)-3-phenyl-2-propenoate
    —— 3-Amino-2,2-difluoro-propionic acid ethyl ester 541547-37-9 C5H9F2NO2
    3-Amino-2,2-difluoro-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— tripamide 73803-48-2 C16H20ClN3O3S
    tripamide
    —— 4-chloro-<i>N</i>-(octahydro-4,7-methano-isoindol-2-yl)-3-sulfamoyl-benzamide 40594-02-3 C16H20ClN3O3S
    4-chloro-<i>N</i>-(octahydro-4,7-methano-isoindol-2-yl)-3-sulfamoyl-benzamide
    —— (R)-tert-butyl 3-hydroxypent-4-enoate 220861-37-0 C9H16O3
    (R)-tert-butyl 3-hydroxypent-4-enoate
    —— GCLE 104146-10-3 C24H23ClN2O5S
    GCLE
    —— ethyl (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro)propionate 337-82-6 C5H6F4O2
    ethyl (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro)propionate
    —— (S)-methyl (1-aminopropan-2-yl)carbamate 1229025-89-1 C5H12N2O2
    (S)-methyl (1-aminopropan-2-yl)carbamate
    —— dodecanedioic acid monobenzyl ester 88353-04-2 C19H28O4
    dodecanedioic acid monobenzyl ester
    —— tert-butyl 3-bromo-9H-carbazole-9-carboxylate 1257248-29-5 C17H16BrNO2
    tert-butyl 3-bromo-9H-carbazole-9-carboxylate
    —— methyl 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclopentane-1-carboxylate 52086-83-6 C9H14O2
    methyl 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclopentane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-formyl-butyric acid methyl ester 65038-34-8 C6H10O3
    3-formyl-butyric acid methyl ester
    —— diethyl 4-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 14287-15-1 C12H17NO4
    diethyl 4-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
    —— tert-butyl 2,6-dioxomorpholine-4-carboxylate 56074-21-6 C9H13NO5
    tert-butyl 2,6-dioxomorpholine-4-carboxylate
    —— N,N-bis(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)amine 17104-81-3 C16H15NO4
    N,N-bis(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)amine
    —— methyl 4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate 5032-51-9 C20H17O2P
    methyl 4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate
    —— methyl 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholan-24-oate 1249-75-8 C25H42O3
    methyl 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholan-24-oate
    —— N-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)acetimidic acid ethyl ester 1418144-65-6 C18H24F3NO2
    N-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)acetimidic acid ethyl ester
    —— methyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-2-carboxylate 87281-44-5 C10H13NO2
    methyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2S)-2-bromopropanoate 20047-41-0 C4H7BrO2
    methyl (2S)-2-bromopropanoate
    —— di-tert-butyl (R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperazine-1,4-dicarboxylate 1159598-21-6 C15H28N2O5
    di-tert-butyl (R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperazine-1,4-dicarboxylate
    —— iso-FK-506 134590-88-8 C44H69NO12
    iso-FK-506
    —— 1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-butylbenzoate 111112-25-5 C17H17N3O2
    1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-butylbenzoate
    —— (1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenyl acetate 60410-18-6 C7H10O3
    (1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenyl acetate
    —— (E)-ethyl 2-hydroxycinnamate 17041-46-2 C11H12O3
    (E)-ethyl 2-hydroxycinnamate
    —— (E)-ethyl 3-(3-nitrophenyl)acrylate 621-19-2 C11H11NO4
    (E)-ethyl 3-(3-nitrophenyl)acrylate