酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-(2-Aminophenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 883106-63-6 | C17H25N3O3 |
| —— | 4,4'-bis(6-(acryloyloxy)-hexyloxy)biphenyl | 125337-31-7 | C30H38O6 |
| —— | 2-[2-(Chloromethyl)phenyl]-2-ethoxyiminoacetate | 155380-13-5 | C11H11ClNO3- |
| —— | Withanolide | 30655-48-2 | C28H38O6 |
| —— | N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-bromo-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester | 232276-01-6 | C18H16BrCl2NO3 |
| —— | Diisopropoxytitanium bis(ethyl acetoacetate) | 27858-32-8 | C18H32O8Ti |
| —— | Methyl 2-[methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino]acetate | 1283100-05-9 | C7H11NO2 |
| —— | methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoate | 1163281-04-6 | C9H9NO5 |
| —— | Pentan-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 191211-62-8 | C6H11F3O3S |
| —— | 2-(2-Oxopentyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl acetate | 143446-73-5 | C10H16O4S |
| —— | 8-(Acetyloxy)-1,2,3,13-tetramethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-11H-benzo[3',4']cycloocta[1',2':4,5]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate | 460090-65-7 | C30H36O10 |
| —— | Tert-butyl piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrochloride | 301180-05-2 | C10H20ClNO2 |
| —— | Methyl 6-amino-5-methylnicotinate | 1184913-79-8 | C8H10N2O2 |
| —— | (2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl acetate | 76-49-3 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | Methyl 5-methoxy-isophthalate | 71590-08-4 | C10H9O5- |
| —— | tert-Butyl 3-isobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 1203372-46-6 | C13H27ClN2O2 |
| —— | 1,7-Dimethyl heptanediimidate hydrochloride | 58537-94-3 | C9H19ClN2O2 |
| —— | methyl 3-oxo-4-aza-5-α-androstene-17-carboxylate | 73671-92-8 | C20H31NO3 |
| —— | N-Cbz-4-methoxy-3-(methoxylmethyl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester | 1219720-76-9 | C21H25NO6 |
| —— | (1S,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11R,12R,13R,16S)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,12-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione | 15291-78-8 | C20H24O10 |
| —— | methyl 3-bromo-1H-indole-4-carboxylate | 1093759-60-4 | C10H8BrNO2 |
| —— | Methyl 2-[1-(4-bromophenyl)cyclopropyl]acetate | 1620074-29-4 | C12H13BrO2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6Z,8S,10Z)-4,8-Dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2(3H)-one | 72229-33-5 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-tridecylbenzoate | 62071-08-3 | C21H34O4 |
| —— | methyl 4-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzoate | 821773-44-8 | C9H8BrNO4 |
| —— | L-Glutamic acid, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester | 536721-25-2 | C25H46NO5- |
| —— | Ethyl alpha-ethyl-beta-methyl-beta-phenylglycidate | 19464-94-9 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | Propyl 4-tert-butylphenylacetate | 92729-55-0 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | trans-Dihydro-3R,4R-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone | 78473-71-9 | C18H18O4 |
| —— | (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,19S,21S,22R,23R,25R)-1-hydroxy-12-[(E,2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-4-methylpent-4-en-2-yl]-21,23-dimethoxy-17,19,25-trimethyl-15-prop-2-enyl-11,26-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[20.3.1.04,9]hexacos-16-ene-2,3,10,14-tetrone | 134590-88-8 | C44H69NO12 |
| —— | N-[(2R,6S,7S)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-4-yl]-4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzamide | 73803-48-2 | C16H20ClN3O3S |
| —— | Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-methoxynicotinate | 1060806-83-8 | C8H9NO4 |
| —— | O-[(2Z)-2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate | 162208-27-7 | C10H16N3O5PS2 |
| —— | Ethyl 5-bromo-2-methoxynicotinate | 213193-29-4 | C9H10BrNO3 |
| —— | methyl (2R)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoate | 176795-01-0 | C16H20F3NO4 |
| —— | 4-((6-(Acryloyloxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl 4-(hexyloxy)benzoate | 863394-23-4 | C28H36O6 |
| —— | Octaneperoxoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester | 26748-41-4 | C14H28O3 |
| —— | 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;(E)-but-2-enedioic acid | 183432-40-8 | C8H15NO7 |
| —— | methyl 4-methylfuran-2-carboxylate | 6141-57-7 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 3-(3-furanyl)propenoic acid propyl ester | 6938-33-6 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | ethyl 3-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]acrylate | 876169-22-1 | C17H23BO4 |
| —— | harringtonine | 62624-24-2 | C28H37NO9 |
| —— | tert-butyl (7-oxoheptyl)carbamate | 133728-25-3 | C12H23NO3 |
| —— | β-Ethyl-aepfelsaeuredimethylester | 344407-03-0 | C8H14O5 |
| —— | methyl 3-(piperidin-2-yl)propionate hydrochloride | 1021204-94-3 | C9H17NO2*ClH |
| —— | 2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylic acid methyl ester | 29096-99-9 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | methyl 3-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)benzoate | 179003-02-2 | C15H21NO4 |
| —— | Ethyl (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) carbonate | 103497-00-3 | C9H9NO6 |
| —— | ethyl 7-hydroxy-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylate | 717901-09-2 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid butyl ester | 37981-18-3 | C12H18O2 |
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