酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4R)-4-t-butoxycarbonylamino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid ethyl ester | 597577-78-1 | C12H23NO5 |
| —— | methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 22425-82-7 | C31H50O4 |
| —— | 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11-Icosafluoroundecyl acrylate | 4998-38-3 | C14H6F20O2 |
| —— | Methyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate | 813425-70-6 | C12H14ClNO2 |
| —— | methyl 3-[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)sulfanyl]propanoate | 441764-30-3 | C10H12O4S |
| —— | Wilforlide B | 84104-70-1 | C30H44O3 |
| —— | ethyl (S)-2-cyclohexylpropanoate | 2511-00-4 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | diethyl 5-hydroxy-2H-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-dicarboxylate | 18417-40-8 | C8H12N2O6 |
| —— | GR24 | 76974-79-3 | C17H14O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[[4-[chloro-N-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-methylcarbamate | 1428935-49-2 | C14H19ClN2O3 |
| —— | Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester | 84494-70-2 | C22H34O2 |
| —— | cis-3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate | 53398-85-9 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | methyl ester of 3-furylacetic acid | 62689-88-7 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | ethyl di-t-butylphosphinopropionate | 64436-26-6 | C13H27O2P |
| —— | [(2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate | 4647-84-1 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | thionine | 26754-93-8 | C12H9N3S*H |
| —— | britanin | 33627-28-0 | C19H26O7 |
| —— | methyl 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylacetate | 1021869-29-3 | C5H7N3O2 |
| —— | 2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, propyl ester | 93966-57-5 | C14H15NO3 |
| —— | (E)-acetyloxymethylimino-methyl-oxidoazanium | 592-62-1 | C4H8N2O3 |
| —— | ornithine ethyl ester dihydrochloride | 84772-29-2 | C7H16N2O2*2ClH |
| —— | methyl (R)-2-amino-3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanoate | 890044-58-3 | C12H15N3O2 |
| —— | ((R)-1-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 1350712-35-4 | C12H23NO3 |
| —— | 3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate | 10094-41-4 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | methyl 4-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate | 190367-57-8 | C9H8ClNO4 |
| —— | Propyl 2-furanacrylate | 623-22-3 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | ethyl 2-[4-[(Z)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]piperazin-1-yl]acetate | 23887-41-4 | C20H28N2O6 |
| —— | Diazocarboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1972-28-7 | C6H10N2O4 |
| —— | Cyclohexyl methyl carbinol crotonate | 68039-69-0 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | Benzoic acid, 4-(2-(4-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenyl)ethenyl)-, methyl ester | 34180-85-3 | C23H17NO3 |
| —— | 2-Cyclopentylcyclopentyl crotonate | 2409510-82-1 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | methyl 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 878158-18-0 | C7H8N2O4 |
| —— | ethyl 2-[(3S)-3-piperidyl]acetate hydrochloride | 188883-58-1 | C9H17NO2*ClH |
| —— | (2-Hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl)ammonium hydrogen maleate | 72200-76-1 | C12H26N2O10 |
| —— | [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] [(E)-octadec-9-enyl] carbonate | 17110-51-9 | C46H80O3 |
| —— | ethyl 2,4-dibromo-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate | 74478-96-9 | C6H6Br2N2O2 |
| —— | Dipropyleneglycol methyl ether acetate | 212484-39-4 | C9H18O4 |
| —— | ethyl (Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(2-tert.-butoxycarbonylprop-2-oxyimino) acetate | 86299-46-9 | C15H23N3O5S |
| —— | ethyl 6-nitro-3,4-(benzo-12-crown-4)benzoate | 1204313-55-2 | C15H19NO8 |
| —— | Laurinsaeure-cholesterylester | 1908-11-8 | C39H68O2 |
| —— | methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiophene-2-carboxylate | 666853-39-0 | C11H15NO4S |
| —— | methyl 6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) nicotinate | 1268609-70-6 | C14H10F3NO3 |
| —— | (-)(R)-heptane-carboxylic acid-(3)-ethyl ester | 2983-37-1 | C10H20O2 |
| —— | N-acetylisoleucine methyl ester | 2256-76-0 | C9H17NO3 |
| —— | ethyl (E)-2-methoxyimino-3-oxobutanoate | 66340-41-8 | C7H11NO4 |
| —— | 3,4-diphenyl-5-ethylisoxazole | 74048-23-0 | C17H15NO |
| —— | D-Gluco-D-gulo-heptonsaeure-γ-lacton | 89-67-8 | C7H12O7 |
| —— | DL-4-chlorophenylalanine t-butyl ester | 81085-20-3 | C13H18ClNO2 |
| —— | methyl 2-acetyl-3-nitrobenzoate | 7407-52-5 | C10H9NO5 |
| —— | methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoate | 40256-81-3 | C8H6ClNO5 |
联系我们
关注我们
公众号
