摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Methyl 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-6-nitrobenzothiazolium sulphate 2458-05-1 C10H13N2O6S3+
    Methyl 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-6-nitrobenzothiazolium sulphate
    —— Granilin 40737-97-1 C15H20O4
    Granilin
    —— Methyl maslinate 1724-16-9 C31H50O4
    Methyl maslinate
    —— Phthalaldehydsaeure-pseudomethylester 4122-57-0 C9H8O3
    Phthalaldehydsaeure-pseudomethylester
    —— 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-benzoate 92118-82-6 C23H24FNO2
    4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-benzoate
    —— 4-Chloro-N-((3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindol-2(3H)-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide 73803-48-2 C16H20ClN3O3S
    4-Chloro-N-((3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindol-2(3H)-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
    —— methyl (4S)-4-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoate 1249-75-8 C25H42O3
    methyl (4S)-4-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoate
    —— (6,6)-Pentadeuterophenyl C61 butyric AC& 749898-80-4 C72H14O2
    (6,6)-Pentadeuterophenyl C61 butyric AC&
    —— [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] octadec-9-enyl carbonate 17110-51-9 C46H80O3
    [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] octadec-9-enyl carbonate
    —— Z-tangerinol 3239-37-0 C15H26O2
    Z-tangerinol
    —— ethyl 3-[[2-[[4-(N'-hexan-3-yloxycarbonylcarbamimidoyl)anilino]methyl]-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carbonyl]-pyridin-2-ylamino]propanoate 1610758-22-9 C34H41N7O5
    ethyl 3-[[2-[[4-(N'-hexan-3-yloxycarbonylcarbamimidoyl)anilino]methyl]-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carbonyl]-pyridin-2-ylamino]propanoate
    —— ethyl 2,4-dimethylthieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate 841241-02-9 C11H13NO2S
    ethyl 2,4-dimethylthieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate
    —— (S)-ethyl 2-bromoisovalerate 609-12-1 C7H13BrO2
    (S)-ethyl 2-bromoisovalerate
    —— (4R)-4-t-butoxycarbonylamino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid ethyl ester 597577-78-1 C12H23NO5
    (4R)-4-t-butoxycarbonylamino-5-hydroxypentanoic acid ethyl ester
    —— methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 22425-82-7 C31H50O4
    methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11-Icosafluoroundecyl acrylate 4998-38-3 C14H6F20O2
    2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11-Icosafluoroundecyl acrylate
    —— Methyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate 813425-70-6 C12H14ClNO2
    Methyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— Wilforlide B 84104-70-1 C30H44O3
    Wilforlide B
    —— ethyl (S)-2-cyclohexylpropanoate 2511-00-4 C11H20O2
    ethyl (S)-2-cyclohexylpropanoate
    —— diethyl 5-hydroxy-2H-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-dicarboxylate 18417-40-8 C8H12N2O6
    diethyl 5-hydroxy-2H-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-dicarboxylate
    —— GR24 76974-79-3 C17H14O5
    GR24
    —— tert-butyl N-[[4-[chloro-N-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-methylcarbamate 1428935-49-2 C14H19ClN2O3
    tert-butyl N-[[4-[chloro-N-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]phenyl]methyl]-N-methylcarbamate
    —— Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester 84494-70-2 C22H34O2
    Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester
    —— methyl ester of 3-furylacetic acid 62689-88-7 C7H8O3
    methyl ester of 3-furylacetic acid
    —— ethyl di-t-butylphosphinopropionate 64436-26-6 C13H27O2P
    ethyl di-t-butylphosphinopropionate
    —— [(2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate 4647-84-1 C14H22O2
    [(2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— thionine 26754-93-8 C12H9N3S*H
    thionine
    —— britanin 33627-28-0 C19H26O7
    britanin
    —— methyl 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylacetate 1021869-29-3 C5H7N3O2
    methyl 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylacetate
    —— 2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, propyl ester 93966-57-5 C14H15NO3
    2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, propyl ester
    —— (E)-acetyloxymethylimino-methyl-oxidoazanium 592-62-1 C4H8N2O3
    (E)-acetyloxymethylimino-methyl-oxidoazanium
    —— ornithine ethyl ester dihydrochloride 84772-29-2 C7H16N2O2*2ClH
    ornithine ethyl ester dihydrochloride
    —— methyl (R)-2-amino-3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanoate 890044-58-3 C12H15N3O2
    methyl (R)-2-amino-3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)propanoate
    —— ((R)-1-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1350712-35-4 C12H23NO3
    ((R)-1-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate 10094-41-4 C11H20O2
    3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate
    —— methyl 4-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate 190367-57-8 C9H8ClNO4
    methyl 4-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate
    —— ethyl 2-[4-[(Z)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]piperazin-1-yl]acetate 23887-41-4 C20H28N2O6
    ethyl 2-[4-[(Z)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]piperazin-1-yl]acetate
    —— Diazocarboxylic acid ethyl ester 1972-28-7 C6H10N2O4
    Diazocarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— Cyclohexyl methyl carbinol crotonate 68039-69-0 C12H20O2
    Cyclohexyl methyl carbinol crotonate
    —— Benzoic acid, 4-(2-(4-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenyl)ethenyl)-, methyl ester 34180-85-3 C23H17NO3
    Benzoic acid, 4-(2-(4-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenyl)ethenyl)-, methyl ester
    —— 2-Cyclopentylcyclopentyl crotonate 2409510-82-1 C14H22O2
    2-Cyclopentylcyclopentyl crotonate
    —— [(3aR,4R,6Z,9R,10Z,11aR)-9-acetyloxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] (E)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)but-2-enoate 64439-43-6 C22H28O8
    [(3aR,4R,6Z,9R,10Z,11aR)-9-acetyloxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] (E)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)but-2-enoate
    —— methyl 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate 878158-18-0 C7H8N2O4
    methyl 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 2-[(3S)-3-piperidyl]acetate hydrochloride 188883-58-1 C9H17NO2*ClH
    ethyl 2-[(3S)-3-piperidyl]acetate hydrochloride
    —— (2-Hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl)ammonium hydrogen maleate 72200-76-1 C12H26N2O10
    (2-Hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl)ammonium hydrogen maleate
    —— [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] [(E)-octadec-9-enyl] carbonate 17110-51-9 C46H80O3
    [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] [(E)-octadec-9-enyl] carbonate
    —— ethyl 2,4-dibromo-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate 74478-96-9 C6H6Br2N2O2
    ethyl 2,4-dibromo-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(2-tert.-butoxycarbonylprop-2-oxyimino) acetate 86299-46-9 C15H23N3O5S
    ethyl (Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(2-tert.-butoxycarbonylprop-2-oxyimino) acetate
    —— ethyl 6-nitro-3,4-(benzo-12-crown-4)benzoate 1204313-55-2 C15H19NO8
    ethyl 6-nitro-3,4-(benzo-12-crown-4)benzoate
    —— Laurinsaeure-cholesterylester 1908-11-8 C39H68O2
    Laurinsaeure-cholesterylester