酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7-羟基-7-苯基庚酸乙酯 | 7-hydroxy-7-phenyl-heptanoic acid ethyl ester | 112665-42-6 | C15H22O3 |
| 7-羟基-5-氧代-1,2,3,5-四氢氮茚-8-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-hydroxy-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-8-indolizinecarboxylate | 72130-68-8 | C11H13NO4 |
| 7-羟基-1,3-苯并二氧戊环-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 7-hydroxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylate | 116119-01-8 | C9H8O5 |
| 7-硝基苯并[b]噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 7-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate | 34084-89-4 | C10H7NO4S |
| 7-甲酰基-2-氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 7-formyl-2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane-2-carboxylate | 1434142-21-8 | C14H23NO3 |
| 7-甲氧基苯并呋喃-2-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-methoxybenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 50551-58-1 | C12H12O4 |
| 7-甲基-1H-吲哚-6-甲酸甲酯 | 7-methyl-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 733035-34-2 | C11H11NO2 |
| 7-溴庚酸甲酯 | methyl 7-bromoheptanoate | 54049-24-0 | C8H15BrO2 |
| 7-溴庚酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-bromoheptanoate | 29823-18-5 | C9H17BrO2 |
| 7-溴-1H-吲唑-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 7-bromo-1H-indazole-5-carboxylate | 1427460-96-5 | C9H7BrN2O2 |
| 7-溴-1H-吲唑-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 7-bromo-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate | 885279-52-7 | C9H7BrN2O2 |
| 7-氯庚酸乙酯 | 7-Chlor-heptansaeureethylester | 26040-65-3 | C9H17ClO2 |
| 7-氯-2,3-二氢-2-氧代-5-苯基-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂卓-3-羧酸乙酯 | 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 5606-55-3 | C18H15ClN2O3 |
| 7-氨基庚酸甲酯 | methyl 7-aminoheptanoate hydrochloride | 17994-94-4 | C8H17NO2*ClH |
| 7-氨基庚酸乙酯(或盐酸盐) | ethyl 7-aminoheptanoate | 1117-66-4 | C9H19NO2 |
| 7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素 | 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. | 26093-31-2 | C10H9NO2 |
| 7-氟-2-氧代吲哚啉-4-羧酸甲酯 | Methyl 7-fluoro-2-oxoindoline-4-carboxylate | 1260776-33-7 | C10H8FNO3 |
| 7-氟-1H-吲唑-4-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 7-fluoro-1H-indazole-4-carboxylate | 1079993-19-3 | C9H7FN2O2 |
| 7-氟-1H-吲唑-3-羧酸甲酯 | 7-fluoro-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 932041-13-9 | C9H7FN2O2 |
| 7-叠氮基庚酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-azidoheptanoate | 927831-56-9 | C9H17N3O2 |
| 7-Boc-3-溴-5,6,7,8-四氢咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪 | tert-butyl 3-bromo-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-carboxylate | 949922-61-6 | C11H16BrN3O2 |
| 7-(苄氧基)-5-碘-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-A]吡啶-8-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 7-(benzyloxy)-5-iodo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-8-carboxylate | 1262132-97-7 | C18H18IN3O3 |
| 7-(二乙胺基)香豆素-3-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylate | 28705-46-6 | C16H19NO4 |
| 6-苯并噻唑羧酸甲酯 | methyl benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate | 73931-63-2 | C9H7NO2S |
| 6-羧酸乙酯苯并噻唑 | ethyl benzothiazole-6-carboxylate | 19989-64-1 | C10H9NO2S |
| 6-羧基四甲基罗丹明琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine N-succinimidyl ester | 150810-69-8 | C29H25N3O7 |
| 6-羟基己酸甲酯 | methyl 6-hydroxycaproate | 4547-43-7 | C7H14O3 |
| 6-羟基己酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate | 73839-20-0 | C10H20O3 |
| 6-羟基己酸乙酯 | 6-hydroxy-hexanoic acid ethyl ester | 5299-60-5 | C8H16O3 |
| 6-羟基-8-氯辛酸乙酯 | 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoic acid ethyl ester | 1070-65-1 | C10H19ClO3 |
| 6-羟基-3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxylate | 327044-56-4 | C14H19NO3 |
| 6-羟基-2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]-2-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 6-hydroxy-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate | 207405-59-2 | C11H19NO3 |
| 6-羟基-2,3-二氢苯丙呋喃-3-基乙酸-(R)-甲酯 | [(R)-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl]acetic acid methyl ester | 1234474-58-8 | C11H12O4 |
| 6-羟基-1H-吲哚-2-甲酸甲酯 | 6-hydroxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 116350-38-0 | C10H9NO3 |
| 6-羟基-1,4-二氮杂烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate | 956317-40-1 | C10H20N2O3 |
| 6-碘烟酸甲酯 | methyl 6-iodonicotinate | 173157-33-0 | C7H6INO2 |
| 6-硝基藜芦酸甲酯 | methyl 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzoate | 26791-93-5 | C10H11NO6 |
| 6-甲酰基烟酸甲酯 | methyl 6-formylpyridine-3-carboxylate | 10165-86-3 | C8H7NO3 |
| 6-甲酰基-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 6-formyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate | 127956-28-9 | C14H15NO3 |
| 6-甲氧基－苯并噻唑-2-羧酸甲酯 | 6-methoxy-benzothiazole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 884-22-0 | C10H9NO3S |
| 6-甲氧基-5-硝基烟酸甲酯 | 6-methoxy-5-nitro-nicotinic acid methyl ester | 59237-49-9 | C8H8N2O5 |
| 6-甲氧基-2H-色烯-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 6-methoxy-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 338759-76-5 | C12H12O4 |
| 6-甲氧基-1H-吲唑-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 6-methoxy-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate | 885278-53-5 | C10H10N2O3 |
| 6-甲基水杨酸乙酯/2-羟基-6-甲基苯甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzoate | 6555-40-4 | C10H12O3 |
| 6-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 6-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate | 163083-65-6 | C11H11NO2 |
| 6-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-B]吡啶-5-羧酸甲酯 | 6-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 872355-54-9 | C10H10N2O2 |
| 6-溴香豆素-3-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 6-bromo-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 2199-90-8 | C12H9BrO4 |
| 6-溴苯并噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 6-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate | 360576-01-8 | C10H7BrO2S |
| 6-溴苯并[d]噻唑-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 6-bromobenzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxylate | 1187928-41-1 | C9H6BrNO2S |
| 6-溴烟酸乙酯 | ethyl 6-bromonicotinate | 132334-98-6 | C8H8BrNO2 |
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