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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Cholest-5-en-3beta-yl (Z)-13-docosenoate 24516-39-0 C49H86O2
    Cholest-5-en-3beta-yl (Z)-13-docosenoate
    —— Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (2-endo,3-exo)- 116044-44-1 C13H20O2
    Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (2-endo,3-exo)-
    —— Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (1R,2R,3R,4S)-rel- 116126-82-0 C13H20O2
    Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (1R,2R,3R,4S)-rel-
    —— 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl trans-4-ethylcyclohexanecarboxylate 90525-56-7 C16H18FNO2
    4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl trans-4-ethylcyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl formate 4351-55-7 C28H46O2
    (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl formate
    —— Methyl 3-bromo-5-isobutoxybenzoate 1255574-35-6 C12H15BrO3
    Methyl 3-bromo-5-isobutoxybenzoate
    —— 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;but-2-enedioic acid 72200-76-1 C4H11NO3.C4H4O4
    2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;but-2-enedioic acid
    —— tert-Butyl [(1S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3-cyano-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamate 709031-43-6 C23H33N3O4
    tert-Butyl [(1S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3-cyano-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamate
    —— 4-(2-Aminophenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 883106-63-6 C17H25N3O3
    4-(2-Aminophenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4,4'-bis(6-(acryloyloxy)-hexyloxy)biphenyl 125337-31-7 C30H38O6
    4,4'-bis(6-(acryloyloxy)-hexyloxy)biphenyl
    —— 2-[2-(Chloromethyl)phenyl]-2-ethoxyiminoacetate 155380-13-5 C11H11ClNO3-
    2-[2-(Chloromethyl)phenyl]-2-ethoxyiminoacetate
    —— Withanolide 30655-48-2 C28H38O6
    Withanolide
    —— N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-bromo-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester 232276-01-6 C18H16BrCl2NO3
    N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-4-bromo-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester
    —— Diisopropoxytitanium bis(ethyl acetoacetate) 27858-32-8 C18H32O8Ti
    Diisopropoxytitanium bis(ethyl acetoacetate)
    —— methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoate 1163281-04-6 C9H9NO5
    methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoate
    —— Pentan-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate 191211-62-8 C6H11F3O3S
    Pentan-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— 2-(2-Oxopentyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl acetate 143446-73-5 C10H16O4S
    2-(2-Oxopentyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl acetate
    —— Tert-butyl piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrochloride 301180-05-2 C10H20ClNO2
    Tert-butyl piperidine-3-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— (2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl acetate 76-49-3 C12H20O2
    (2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl acetate
    —— Methyl 5-methoxy-isophthalate 71590-08-4 C10H9O5-
    Methyl 5-methoxy-isophthalate
    —— 1,7-Dimethyl heptanediimidate hydrochloride 58537-94-3 C9H19ClN2O2
    1,7-Dimethyl heptanediimidate hydrochloride
    —— methyl 3-oxo-4-aza-5-α-androstene-17-carboxylate 73671-92-8 C20H31NO3
    methyl 3-oxo-4-aza-5-α-androstene-17-carboxylate
    —— (1S,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11R,12R,13R,16S)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,12-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione 15291-78-8 C20H24O10
    (1S,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11R,12R,13R,16S)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,12-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione
    —— methyl 3-bromo-1H-indole-4-carboxylate 1093759-60-4 C10H8BrNO2
    methyl 3-bromo-1H-indole-4-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,4R,6Z,8S,10Z)-4,8-Dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2(3H)-one 72229-33-5 C15H20O4
    (3aR,4R,6Z,8S,10Z)-4,8-Dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— L-Glutamic acid, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester 536721-25-2 C25H46NO5-
    L-Glutamic acid, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester
    —— trans-Dihydro-3R,4R-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone 78473-71-9 C18H18O4
    trans-Dihydro-3R,4R-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,19S,21S,22R,23R,25R)-1-hydroxy-12-[(E,2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-4-methylpent-4-en-2-yl]-21,23-dimethoxy-17,19,25-trimethyl-15-prop-2-enyl-11,26-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[20.3.1.04,9]hexacos-16-ene-2,3,10,14-tetrone 134590-88-8 C44H69NO12
    (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,19S,21S,22R,23R,25R)-1-hydroxy-12-[(E,2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-4-methylpent-4-en-2-yl]-21,23-dimethoxy-17,19,25-trimethyl-15-prop-2-enyl-11,26-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[20.3.1.04,9]hexacos-16-ene-2,3,10,14-tetrone
    —— N-[(2R,6S,7S)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-4-yl]-4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzamide 73803-48-2 C16H20ClN3O3S
    N-[(2R,6S,7S)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decan-4-yl]-4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
    —— O-[(2Z)-2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate 162208-27-7 C10H16N3O5PS2
    O-[(2Z)-2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate
    —— Ethyl 5-bromo-2-methoxynicotinate 213193-29-4 C9H10BrNO3
    Ethyl 5-bromo-2-methoxynicotinate
    —— 4-((6-(Acryloyloxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl 4-(hexyloxy)benzoate 863394-23-4 C28H36O6
    4-((6-(Acryloyloxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl 4-(hexyloxy)benzoate
    —— Octaneperoxoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester 26748-41-4 C14H28O3
    Octaneperoxoic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
    —— methyl 4-methylfuran-2-carboxylate 6141-57-7 C7H8O3
    methyl 4-methylfuran-2-carboxylate
    —— 3-(3-furanyl)propenoic acid propyl ester 6938-33-6 C10H12O3
    3-(3-furanyl)propenoic acid propyl ester
    —— ethyl 3-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]acrylate 876169-22-1 C17H23BO4
    ethyl 3-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]acrylate
    —— harringtonine 62624-24-2 C28H37NO9
    harringtonine
    —— tert-butyl (7-oxoheptyl)carbamate 133728-25-3 C12H23NO3
    tert-butyl (7-oxoheptyl)carbamate
    —— β-Ethyl-aepfelsaeuredimethylester 344407-03-0 C8H14O5
    β-Ethyl-aepfelsaeuredimethylester
    —— methyl 3-(piperidin-2-yl)propionate hydrochloride 1021204-94-3 C9H17NO2*ClH
    methyl 3-(piperidin-2-yl)propionate hydrochloride
    —— 2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylic acid methyl ester 29096-99-9 C7H9NO3
    2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 3-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)benzoate 179003-02-2 C15H21NO4
    methyl 3-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)benzoate
    —— Ethyl (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) carbonate 103497-00-3 C9H9NO6
    Ethyl (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) carbonate
    —— ethyl 7-hydroxy-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylate 717901-09-2 C14H18O4
    ethyl 7-hydroxy-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylate
    —— bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid butyl ester 37981-18-3 C12H18O2
    bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid butyl ester
    —— (R)-2-Hydroxy-butyric acid butyl ester 928835-95-4 C8H16O3
    (R)-2-Hydroxy-butyric acid butyl ester
    —— tert-butyl (4R)-4-cyano-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate 1261034-35-8 C11H18N2O3
    tert-butyl (4R)-4-cyano-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl 3-acetylindole-5-carboxylate 106896-59-7 C12H11NO3
    methyl 3-acetylindole-5-carboxylate
    —— undeca-ethylene glycol diacrylate 17831-71-9 C28H50O14
    undeca-ethylene glycol diacrylate
    —— (S)-2-amino-4-bromobutyric acid methyl ester 101650-17-3 C5H10BrNO2
    (S)-2-amino-4-bromobutyric acid methyl ester