酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | methyl 6-methoxy-2-(3-pyridyl)quinoline-4-carboxylate | 5110-25-8 | C17H14N2O3 |
| —— | (S)-tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)benzoate | 1094106-70-3 | C20H24N2O3 |
| —— | ethyl 2-(3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)acetate | 22299-11-2 | C10H18N2O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1R,3S)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane-1-carbamate | 1809088-77-4 | C12H23NO3 |
| —— | Acetic acid--2-methoxyphenol (1/1) | 15212-03-0 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl hydroxy-(4-nitrophenyl)acetate | 609339-95-9 | C12H15NO5 |
| —— | diethyl 4-chloro-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate | 1382786-13-1 | C9H11ClN2O4 |
| —— | methyl 3,3-dimethoxycyclobutene-2-carboxylate | 142645-58-7 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 1-bromo-3-(bismethoxycarbonylmethyl)bicyclo<1.1.1>pentane | 136399-13-8 | C10H13BrO4 |
| —— | 1-O-[(5xi,9xi,18alpha)-28-oxo-3-{[3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-yl]-beta-D-glucopyranose | 95851-41-5 | C47H74O18 |
| —— | methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 212958-77-5 | C11H13NO2*(x)ClH |
| —— | dimethyl 2-amino-5-iodoterephthalate | 1357367-02-2 | C10H10INO4 |
| —— | endo-8-Boc-3-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane | 143557-91-9 | C12H21NO3 |
| —— | 3,3'-(3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-8,13-divinyl-21<i>H</i>,23<i>H</i>-porphine-2,18-diyl)-bis-propionic acid dimethyl ester | 5522-66-7 | C36H38N4O4 |
| —— | cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride | 61367-16-6 | C8H15NO2*ClH |
| —— | ethyl (1S,4Z,8R)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-ene-9-carboxylate | 1263291-39-9 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | methyl (1-adamantyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-5-N,4-O-carbonyl-3,5-dideoxy-2-thio-D-glycero-β-D-galacto-non-2-ylopyranosid)onate | 956107-32-7 | C29H39NO12S |
| —— | ETHYL (1R 8S 9R)-BICYCLO[6.1.0]NON-4-ENE | 79549-89-6 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | ethyl 2-(4-acetylphenyl)-2,2-difluoroacetate | 1308915-15-2 | C12H12F2O3 |
| —— | methyl 4-[(2R)-3-[(1E,3E,5E,8E)-tetradeca-1,3,5,8-tetraenyl]oxiran-2-yl]butanoate | 72297-14-4 | C21H32O3 |
| —— | methyl 2-(3-oxopropyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate | 1365178-59-1 | C8H9NO4 |
| —— | methyl 7-[(1R,3R,5S)-5-acetyloxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(oxan-2-yloxy)cyclopentyl]heptanoate | 50999-61-6 | C21H36O7 |
| —— | dimethyl 2,5-dimercaptoterephthalate | 1301620-09-6 | C10H10O4S2 |
| —— | O-ethyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine methyl ester | 92507-32-9 | C17H25NO5 |
| —— | NODAGA-NHS | 1407166-70-4 | C19H28N4O10 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydrooxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-5(4H)-carboxylate | 1354910-18-1 | C17H20N2O4 |
| —— | Methyl 2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)acetate | 1239952-57-8 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | ethyl 2-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-methylpentanoyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate | 944559-47-1 | C17H26N2O5S |
| —— | Methyl ester-SP | 76260-78-1 | C63H97N17O14S |
| —— | 3-(Butoxycarbonyl)but-3-enoate | 6439-57-2 | C9H13O4- |
| —— | ethyl 4-(mercaptomethyl)benzoate | 57624-33-6 | C10H12O2S |
| —— | ethane;ethyl (E)-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-enoate | 17450-56-5 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | Methyl 5-hydroxy-3-methoxypicolinate | 1256836-82-4 | C8H9NO4 |
| —— | Tetrt-butyl5-phenyl-1,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate | 941712-23-8 | C28H47N2O2- |
| —— | tert-butyl (1R,3S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ylcarbamate | 250659-32-6 | C10H17NO3 |
| —— | 3-Hexyl 5-amino-4-oxopentanoate Hydrochloride | 396078-76-5 | C11H21NO3*ClH |
| —— | 5-Amino-4-mercapto-3-methyl-thiophen-2-carbonsaeureethylester | 125270-11-3 | C8H11NO2S2 |
| —— | ethyl 2-((1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl)acetate hydrochloride | 76308-26-4 | C10H19NO2*ClH |
| —— | methyl 3-(3-formylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 1159493-22-7 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucuronide methyl ester | 3082-95-9 | C13H18O10 |
| —— | methyl 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate | 1376760-10-9 | C9H8ClNO4 |
| —— | 6,12-Dihydroxy-heptadec-10-insaeure-methylester | 818-15-5 | C18H32O4 |
| —— | ethyl glycodeoxycholate | 70779-06-5 | C28H47NO5 |
| —— | ethyl hexa-2,4-dienoate | 2396-84-1 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl 3-allyl-3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate | 1401728-89-9 | C11H19NO3 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate | 177583-27-6 | C12H24N2O2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1382786-18-6 | C10H13N3O3 |
| —— | Magnesium, bromo[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]- | 364358-98-5 | C8H7BrMgO2 |
| —— | ginkgolide K | 153355-70-5 | C20H22O9 |
| —— | 6-cyano-benzo[1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 33842-19-2 | C10H7NO4 |
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