酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (R)-2-Hydroxy-butyric acid butyl ester | 928835-95-4 | C8H16O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (4R)-4-cyano-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate | 1261034-35-8 | C11H18N2O3 |
| —— | methyl 3-acetylindole-5-carboxylate | 106896-59-7 | C12H11NO3 |
| —— | undeca-ethylene glycol diacrylate | 17831-71-9 | C28H50O14 |
| —— | (S)-2-amino-4-bromobutyric acid methyl ester | 101650-17-3 | C5H10BrNO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-formic acid-[2<i>exo</i>]norbornyl ester | 41498-71-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | dimethyl (2,2’-bifuran)-5,5’-dicarboxylate | 5905-02-2 | C12H10O6 |
| —— | N-(Boc)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenethylamine | 31493-49-9 | C14H21NO4 |
| —— | methyl 2-fluoro-2-phenylacetate | 924312-37-8 | C9H8BrFO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl 3-(4-aminobenzyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1187172-03-7 | C16H24N2O2 |
| —— | (1R,4S)-2-acetyl-2-azabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-3-one | 189098-29-1 | C8H9NO2 |
| —— | 3-fluoro-4-cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzoate | 92118-84-8 | C25H28FNO2 |
| —— | Ethyl I+/--methyl-4-propylbenzeneacetate | 3585-62-4 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | isobornyl methacrylate | 1849650-46-9 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | Methyl 3-amino-2-cyanobenzoate | 77326-43-3 | C9H8N2O2 |
| —— | methyl (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-cyclohexylpropanoate | 195877-59-9 | C15H27NO4 |
| —— | tert-butyl (2-bromo-5-methylphenyl)carbamate | 1186637-29-5 | C12H16BrNO2 |
| —— | (3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-anthranilic acid methyl ester | 53902-20-8 | C19H19NO5 |
| —— | methyl (2E)-3-[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]prop-2-enoate | 1018673-96-5 | C10H11NO3 |
| —— | methyl 3,4-ethylenedioxyphenylacetate | 25379-89-9 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | methyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoate | 112914-03-1 | C10H12ClNO3 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[2-(cyanomethyl)phenyl]carbamate | 1238507-98-6 | C13H16N2O2 |
| —— | Cholesterolformate | 4351-55-7 | C28H46O2 |
| —— | meso-Diethyl 2,5-Dibromoadipate | 54221-37-3 | C10H16Br2O4 |
| —— | methyl 1-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylate | 915187-39-2 | C13H15FN2O4 |
| —— | 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-inden-6-yl 2-methyl-2-propenoate | 46502-72-1 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | ethyl 2-(cyanomethylthio)acetate | 56795-98-3 | C6H9NO2S |
| —— | Interiotherin C | 460090-65-7 | C30H36O10 |
| —— | methyl 3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-5-formylthiophene-2-carboxylate | 946605-42-1 | C12H15NO5S |
| —— | (R)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate | 67614-33-9 | C25H22ClNO3 |
| —— | tert-butyl 4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 190446-85-6 | C11H20N2O3 |
| —— | Ciclonicate | 53449-58-4 | C15H21NO2 |
| —— | methyl 6-chlorosulfonylpyridine-2-carboxylate | 1314922-50-3 | C7H6ClNO4S |
| —— | 1,1-dimethylethyl (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)carbamate | 100282-49-3 | C12H16ClNO2 |
| —— | methyl 3-bromo-2-bromomethyl-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate | 1042722-41-7 | C11H12Br2O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl (S)-2-methyl-3-oxoazetidine-1-carboxylate | 171919-76-9 | C9H15NO3 |
| —— | Methyl 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-oxoacetate | 283605-51-6 | C5H9NO4 |
| —— | tert-butyl 7-chloro-1H,2H,3H-pyrido[3,4-b][1,4]oxazine-1-carboxylate | 1006688-26-1 | C12H15ClN2O3 |
| —— | O-Acetyl-willagenin | 915-35-5 | C29H44O5 |
| —— | Methyl 5-chloro-2-(methylsulfanyl)benzoate | 861306-45-8 | C9H9ClO2S |
| —— | 20-methoxy-20-oxoicosanoic acid | 1767-98-2 | C21H40O4 |
| —— | 17-methoxy-17-oxohexadecanoic acid | 72849-42-4 | C18H34O4 |
| —— | (R)-methyl 2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)acetate | 144261-23-4 | C14H28O5Si |
| —— | diethyl (5-bromo-2-chloro-benzyl)-phosphonate | 874650-47-2 | C11H15BrClO3P |
| —— | 3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 159693-06-8 | C12H10FNO3 |
| —— | ethyl 7-acetyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate | 90395-39-4 | C13H13NO3 |
| —— | iso-bornyl methacrylate | 7534-94-3 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | diethyl (2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)phosphonate | 55298-76-5 | C13H21O5P |
| —— | tert-butyl (4-bromo-2,6-diethylphenyl)carbamate | 1090512-31-4 | C15H22BrNO2 |
| —— | (S)-1-tert-butyl 2-methyl 5-oxopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate | 915976-31-7 | C12H19NO5 |
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