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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (4R)-4-[(3-chloro-7-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]-L-prolinate hydrochloride 1361028-94-5 C15H16ClN3O4*ClH
    methyl (4R)-4-[(3-chloro-7-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]-L-prolinate hydrochloride
    —— methyl 2-cyano-6-methylbenzoate 127510-98-9 C10H9NO2
    methyl 2-cyano-6-methylbenzoate
    —— methyl 3-chloro-2-cyanopyridine-4-carboxylate 1168102-35-9 C8H5ClN2O2
    methyl 3-chloro-2-cyanopyridine-4-carboxylate
    —— methyl 4-phenyl-2-oxo-3-butenoate 6395-86-4 C11H10O3
    methyl 4-phenyl-2-oxo-3-butenoate
    —— methyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate 105213-31-8 C12H12O4
    methyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate
    —— (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran 32780-06-6 C5H8O3
    (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran
    —— methyl 2-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)acetate 942282-44-2 C10H8FNO2
    methyl 2-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)acetate
    —— methyl 2-(2-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)acetate 1261501-82-9 C10H8ClNO2
    methyl 2-(2-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)acetate
    —— methyl α-(tetrahydro-2-pyrrolidinylidene)acetate 36625-47-5 C7H11NO2
    methyl α-(tetrahydro-2-pyrrolidinylidene)acetate
    —— 1-chloroethyl sulfochloridate 90906-61-9 C2H4Cl2O3S
    1-chloroethyl sulfochloridate
    —— (<i>S</i>)-3-bromo-butyric acid methyl ester 21249-59-2 C5H9BrO2
    (<i>S</i>)-3-bromo-butyric acid methyl ester
    —— diethyl ethynylphosphonate 4851-51-8 C6H11O3P
    diethyl ethynylphosphonate
    —— 4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 180851-50-7 C16H25NO5S
    4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— methyl 2-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate 7398-76-7 C10H14O2
    methyl 2-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 3-(cyclopropylamino)-2-(2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxybenzoyl)acrylate 112811-70-8 C16H16F3NO4
    ethyl 3-(cyclopropylamino)-2-(2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxybenzoyl)acrylate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1-cyclobutancarbonsaeuremethylester 63485-50-7 C6H10O3
    3-Hydroxy-1-cyclobutancarbonsaeuremethylester
    —— methyl 3,5-diformyl-4-hydroxybenzoate 328030-95-1 C10H8O5
    methyl 3,5-diformyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
    —— perindopril benzyl ester 122454-52-8 C26H38N2O5
    perindopril benzyl ester
    —— Trans-1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid Monomethyl Ester 15177-67-0 C9H14O4
    Trans-1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid Monomethyl Ester
    —— ethyl cinnamylcarbonate 86537-61-3 C12H14O3
    ethyl cinnamylcarbonate
    —— methyl 3-methoxycarbonylfuran-2-carboxylate 52900-79-5 C8H8O5
    methyl 3-methoxycarbonylfuran-2-carboxylate
    —— 10α-methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergic acid methylester 23495-64-9 C18H22N2O3
    10α-methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergic acid methylester
    —— 2-Amino-6-ethoxycarbonylmethylbenzothiazole 68195-02-8 C11H12N2O2S
    2-Amino-6-ethoxycarbonylmethylbenzothiazole
    —— 3-oxo-3-thiophen-2-yl-dithiopropionic acid methyl ester 72789-93-6 C8H8OS3
    3-oxo-3-thiophen-2-yl-dithiopropionic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-methylphenoxy acetate 2989-17-5 C10H12O3
    methyl 2-methylphenoxy acetate
    —— methyl 2-(2-methylquinolin-4-ylthio)acetate 247060-67-9 C13H13NO2S
    methyl 2-(2-methylquinolin-4-ylthio)acetate
    —— ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)-2-oxobut-3-enoate 67751-14-8 C8H13NO3
    ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)-2-oxobut-3-enoate
    —— diethyl meso-2,5-dibromoadipate 54221-37-3 C10H16Br2O4
    diethyl meso-2,5-dibromoadipate
    —— N2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methylisocytosine 1292200-55-5 C10H15N3O3
    N2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methylisocytosine
    —— methyl (E)-3-aminocrotonate 14205-39-1 C5H9NO2
    methyl (E)-3-aminocrotonate
    —— ethyl (2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylate 53282-12-5 C9H10O3
    ethyl (2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylate
    —— dimethyl 1,17-heptadecanedioate 19102-92-2 C19H36O4
    dimethyl 1,17-heptadecanedioate
    —— (E)-2-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-oxobutyric acid ethyl ester 39562-16-8 C13H13NO5
    (E)-2-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-3-oxobutyric acid ethyl ester
    —— bromozinc(1+),ethyl acetate 5764-82-9 C4H7BrO2Zn
    bromozinc(1+),ethyl acetate
    —— ethyl shikimate 101769-63-5 C9H14O5
    ethyl shikimate
    —— diisopropyl (E)-azodicarboxylate 2446-83-5 C8H14N2O4
    diisopropyl (E)-azodicarboxylate
    —— Hydroxyphenamat 50-19-1 C11H15NO3
    Hydroxyphenamat
    —— isobornyl acrylate 5888-33-5 C13H20O2
    isobornyl acrylate
    —— isobornyl methacrylate 7534-94-3 C14H22O2
    isobornyl methacrylate
    —— cis-4-bromo-2-butenoic acid methyl ester 56699-18-4 C5H7BrO2
    cis-4-bromo-2-butenoic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetate 129592-89-8 C9H8BrClO2
    methyl 2-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetate
    —— methyl (2-p-methylphenyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α/β-D-galacto-2-thio-nonulopyranosid)onate 1071226-27-1 C27H35NO12S
    methyl (2-p-methylphenyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α/β-D-galacto-2-thio-nonulopyranosid)onate
    —— 1,2-di-O-acetyl-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-D-xylofuranose 85026-60-4 C23H22O9
    1,2-di-O-acetyl-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-D-xylofuranose
    —— N-acetyl-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-2-chloro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid methyl ester 67670-69-3 C20H28ClNO12
    N-acetyl-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-2-chloro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid methyl ester
    —— tert-butyl (8-oxooctyl)carbamate 133728-26-4 C13H25NO3
    tert-butyl (8-oxooctyl)carbamate
    —— 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl 3,4-dichlorobenzoate 1403815-89-3 C13H11Cl2N3O4
    2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl 3,4-dichlorobenzoate
    —— tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-4-((methylamino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 1073559-55-3 C12H24N2O3
    tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-4-((methylamino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-hydroxyl-4-methoxycinnamic aldehyde 110037-35-9 C10H10O3
    3-hydroxyl-4-methoxycinnamic aldehyde
    —— 1-acetoxybuta-1,3-diene 35694-20-3 C6H8O2
    1-acetoxybuta-1,3-diene
    —— bassianolide 64763-82-2 C48H84N4O12
    bassianolide