酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-[4’-羟基甲基-(1,1’-联苯)-2-基]-2-三苯基甲基四唑 | 4'-hydroxymethyl-2-(N-trityl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl | 154709-18-9 | C33H26N4O |
|
| 5-BOC-3-氨基-4,6-二氢吡咯并[3,4-C]吡唑-1-甲酸乙酯 | 3-amino-4,6-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 5-tert-butyl ester 1-ethyl ester | 398495-65-3 | C13H20N4O4 |
|
| 5-(羟基甲基)异邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate | 109862-53-5 | C11H12O5 |
|
| 5-(氯甲基)-2-糠酸甲酯 | methyl 2-chloromethyl-5-furoate | 2144-37-8 | C7H7ClO3 |
|
| 5-(氯甲基)-1,2,4-二唑-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxylate | 1009620-97-6 | C6H7ClN2O3 |
|
| 5-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基-甲基)-异噁唑-3-羧酸乙酯 | Ethyl [N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-aminomethyl]isoxazole-3-carboxylate | 253196-37-1 | C12H18N2O5 |
|
| 5-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶甲酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(difluoromethoxy)picolinate | 1174323-35-3 | C8H7F2NO3 |
|
| 5-(三氟甲基)吡唑-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate | 6833-82-5 | C6H5F3N2O2 |
|
| 5-(4-甲氧基苯基)异噁唑-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate | 925006-96-8 | C13H13NO4 |
|
| 5-(4-氯苯基)-2-甲酰基-3--呋喃乙酯 | 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-formylfuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 175276-64-9 | C14H11ClO4 |
|
| 5-(4-氨基苯基)呋喃-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(4-aminophenyl)furan-2-carboxylate | 52939-06-7 | C12H11NO3 |
|
| 5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼烷-2-基)-1H-吲哒唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate | 864771-44-8 | C18H25BN2O4 |
|
| 5-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2H-吡唑-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate | 517870-26-7 | C12H12N2O3 |
|
| 5-(3-氰基苯基)异噁唑-3-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(3-cyanophenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate | 956360-06-8 | C12H8N2O3 |
|
| 5-(2-溴乙酰基)-2-苄氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | 2-benzyloxy-5-(2-bromoacetyl)benzoic acid methyl ester | 27475-14-5 | C17H15BrO4 |
|
| 5-(2-氟苯基)-1H-吡咯-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate | 881674-06-2 | C13H12FNO2 |
|
| 5-(2-丁酸基乙基)-4-甲基噻唑 | 1-butyryloxy-2-(4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl)-ethane | 94159-31-6 | C10H15NO2S |
|
| 5-((4-溴苯基)氨基)-4-氟-1-甲基-1H-苯并[D]咪唑-6-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-[(4-bromophenyl)amino]-4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate | 1000340-06-6 | C16H13BrFN3O2 |
|
| 5-((4-溴-2-氯苯基)氨基)-4-氟-1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-[(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)amino]-4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate | 606144-02-9 | C16H12BrClFN3O2 |
|
| 5,6-环氧-4,20,22-三羟基-1-氧代麦角甾-2,24-二烯-26-酸delta-内酯 | withanolide D | 30655-48-2 | C28H38O6 |
|
| 5,6-二氢-4H-吡咯并[3,2,1-IJ]喹啉-1-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-1-yl)acetate | 106202-39-5 | C13H13NO2 |
|
| 5,5-亚甲基双(4-乙基-3-甲基-2-吡咯羧酸二乙酯) | [5,5'-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,3'-diethyl-4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyrrolyl]methane | 6305-93-7 | C21H30N2O4 |
|
| 5,5-二甲基-3-氧代己酸乙酯 | ethyl 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxohexanoate | 5435-91-6 | C10H18O3 |
|
| 5,5,5-三氟-3-氧代戊酸甲酯 | 5,5,5-trifluoro-3-oxo-pentanoic acid methyl ester | 915213-24-0 | C6H7F3O3 |
|
| 5,5,5-三氟-2,4-二氧代-戊酸乙酯 | ethyl 5,5,5-trifluoro-2,4-dioxopentanoate | 893643-18-0 | C7H7F3O4 |
|
| 5(6)-羧基四甲基罗丹明琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester | 150408-83-6 | C29H25N3O7 |
|
| 5'-O-[二(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-5-甲基-2'-O-甲基尿苷3'-[2-氰基乙基二异丙基氨基亚磷酸酯] | (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihyd ropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite | 153631-20-0 | C41H51N4O9P |
|
| 4’-氨基苯甲酰苯胺-3-β-乙基砜基硫酸酯 | 2-{[3-(4-Aminobenzamido)phenyl]sulfonyl}ethyl hydrogen sulfate | 66056-51-7 | C15H16N2O7S2 |
|
| 4H-呋喃并[3,2-B!吡咯-5-羧酸甲酯 | furo<3,2-b>pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 77484-99-2 | C8H7NO3 |
|
| 4-马来酰亚胺基丁酸-N-琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 4-maleimidobutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester | 80307-12-6 | C12H12N2O6 |
|
| 4-醛基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-formyl-3-nitrobenzoate | 153813-69-5 | C9H7NO5 |
|
| 4-苯氧基丁酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-phenoxybutanoate | 2364-59-2 | C12H16O3 |
|
| 4-苯基磺酰基-苯甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-(phenylthio)benzoate | 10129-07-4 | C15H14O2S |
|
| 4-苯基乙酰乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate | 718-08-1 | C12H14O3 |
|
| 4-苯基-2,4-二氧丁酸乙酯 | ethyl 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutyrate | 6296-54-4 | C12H12O4 |
|
| 4-苯基-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate | 6963-62-8 | C12H12N2O2 |
|
| 4-苯乙基苯甲酸乙酯 | 4-phenethylbenzoic acid | 785-79-5 | C15H14O2 |
|
| 4-苄氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | 4-benzyloxy-benzoic acid methyl ester | 32122-11-5 | C15H14O3 |
|
| 4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoate | 56441-97-5 | C16H16O4 |
|
| 4-苄基-3-吗啉甲酸甲酯 | Methyl 4-benzylmorpholine-3-carboxylate | 212650-44-7 | C13H17NO3 |
|
| 4-苄基-2-吗啉甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-benzylmorpholine-2-carboxylate | 135072-32-1 | C14H19NO3 |
|
| 4-胺基巴豆酸(-2-甲氧基)乙酯 | 2-methoxyethyl-3-aminocrotonate | 50899-10-0 | C7H13NO3 |
|
| 4-胍基甲基苯甲酸甲酯 | 4-guanidinomethylbenzoic acid methyl ester | 736080-30-1 | C10H13N3O2 |
|
| 4-羰基甲氧基水杨醛 | methyl 4-formyl-3-hydroxybenzoate | 24589-98-8 | C9H8O4 |
|
| 4-羰基己酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-oxohexanoate | 3249-33-0 | C8H14O3 |
|
| 4-羧基-2-氟苯硼酸频那醇酯 | 3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid | 1050423-87-4 | C13H16BFO4 |
|
| 4-羟苄基丙二酸二甲酯 | dimethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)methylenemalonate | 51947-45-6 | C12H12O5 |
|
| 4-羟基间苯二甲酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate | 5985-24-0 | C10H10O5 |
|
| 4-羟基酞酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 4-hydroxyphthalate | 22479-95-4 | C10H10O5 |
|
| 4-羟基萘-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 4-hydroxy-2-naphthoate | 34205-71-5 | C12H10O3 |
|
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