酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Quinoside D | 96990-19-1 | C47H74O18 |
| —— | Pyroporphyrin dimethyl ester | 10589-94-3 | C32H34N4O4 |
| —— | Methyl 3-[5-(oxiran-2-yl)pentyl]undecanoate | 2500-59-6 | C19H36O3 |
| —— | Einecs 243-916-8 | 20605-01-0 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | Carbamic acid, (hydroxymethyl)-, methyl ester | 15438-65-0 | C3H7NO3 |
| —— | Mesoporphyrin ix dimethyl ester | 1263-63-4 | C36H42N4O4 |
| —— | Bis(6-methylheptyl) but-2-enedioate | 1330-76-3 | C20H36O4 |
| —— | Methyl phaeophorbide | 5594-30-9 | C36H38N4O5 |
| —— | Uroporphyrin I octamethyl ester | 10170-03-3 | C48H54N4O16 |
| —— | Quinetolate | 5714-76-1 | C38H57N5O7 |
| —— | Ethyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate hemihydrate | 4142-98-7 | C18H22O9 |
| —— | Demoxepam | 963-39-3 | C15H11ClN2O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl 3-(cyanomethyl)-3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carboxylate | 1227245-62-6 | C12H21N3O2 |
| —— | 4-Dicyclohexylphosphanyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester | 40438-59-3 | C21H31O2P |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-methoxycarbonyl-benzaldehyd | 90888-29-2 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | D-Glucoheptonic acid-1,4-lactone | 89-67-8 | C7H12O7 |
| —— | Oleanonsaeure-methylester | 1721-58-0 | C31H48O3 |
| —— | N-<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>-5-hydroxy-6-methoxyisoindoline | 156422-97-8 | C14H19NO4 |
| —— | i-propyl 9-octadecenoate | 112-11-8 | C21H40O2 |
| —— | methyl 6-hydroxyundecanoate | 315706-48-0 | C12H24O3 |
| —— | Phenazine methosulfate | 299-11-6 | CH3O3S*C13H11N2 |
| —— | lithocholic acid methyl ester | 1249-75-8 | C25H42O3 |
| —— | Cholesteryl-oleyl-carbonat | 17110-51-9 | C46H80O3 |
| —— | Carbonic acid 17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester (E)-octadec-9-enyl ester | 17110-51-9 | C46H80O3 |
| —— | 3-tert-butyldioxycarbonylacrylic acid | 1931-62-0 | C8H12O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl 5-cyano-3-fluorobenzoate | 1427753-71-6 | C12H12FNO2 |
| —— | N-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-N-methylaminoacetic acid | 170799-77-6 | C12H15NO4 |
| —— | Tropin-isobuttersaeureester | 495-80-7 | C12H21NO2 |
| —— | methyl 6-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorobenzoate | 1378431-14-1 | C9H7Br2FO2 |
| —— | 4-bromo-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 886372-03-8 | C8H8BrNO2 |
| —— | euphornin | 80454-47-3 | C33H44O9 |
| —— | (Z)-ethyl N-mesitylsulfonyloxyacetimidate | 38202-27-6 | C13H19NO4S |
| —— | Dimethyl 2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-4,5-dicarboxylate | 117470-90-3 | C6H8O8S |
| —— | Methyl 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-6-nitrobenzothiazolium sulphate | 2458-05-1 | C10H13N2O6S3+ |
| —— | Kansuinine B | 57685-46-8 | C38H42O14 |
| —— | Granilin | 40737-97-1 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | Methyl maslinate | 1724-16-9 | C31H50O4 |
| —— | Phthalaldehydsaeure-pseudomethylester | 4122-57-0 | C9H8O3 |
| —— | ethyl 2-(1-benzhydrylazetidin-3-ylidene)-2-chloroacetate | 849701-73-1 | C20H20ClNO2 |
| —— | 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-benzoate | 92118-82-6 | C23H24FNO2 |
| —— | 4-Chloro-N-((3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindol-2(3H)-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide | 73803-48-2 | C16H20ClN3O3S |
| —— | methyl (4S)-4-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoate | 1249-75-8 | C25H42O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl {(S)-3-methyl-1-[oxiran-2-yl]butyl}carbamate | 870672-39-2 | C12H23NO3 |
| —— | 4-(4-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-5-methyl-thiazol-2-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 196811-68-4 | C16H25N3O4S |
| —— | (6,6)-Pentadeuterophenyl C61 butyric AC& | 749898-80-4 | C72H14O2 |
| —— | [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] octadec-9-enyl carbonate | 17110-51-9 | C46H80O3 |
| —— | Z-tangerinol | 3239-37-0 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | ethyl 3-[[2-[[4-(N'-hexan-3-yloxycarbonylcarbamimidoyl)anilino]methyl]-1-methylbenzimidazole-5-carbonyl]-pyridin-2-ylamino]propanoate | 1610758-22-9 | C34H41N7O5 |
| —— | ethyl 2,4-dimethylthieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate | 841241-02-9 | C11H13NO2S |
| —— | (S)-ethyl 2-bromoisovalerate | 609-12-1 | C7H13BrO2 |
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