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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate 701-15-5 C9H12O2
    methyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— 5-methoxycarbonyloxyindolizine-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester 784150-88-5 C12H11NO5
    5-methoxycarbonyloxyindolizine-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate 108249-44-1 C9H9BrO4
    methyl 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate
    —— (2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol acetate 52225-20-4 C31H52O3
    (2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol acetate
    —— Methyl N<sup>α</sup>-benzoyllysinate hydrochloride 14280-01-4 C14H20N2O3*ClH
    Methyl N<sup>α</sup>-benzoyllysinate hydrochloride
    —— bis[4-(acryloyloxyethyl)thiophenyl]sulfide 133811-67-3 C22H22O4S3
    bis[4-(acryloyloxyethyl)thiophenyl]sulfide
    —— methyl 1-bromothieno[3,2-f]quinoline-2-carboxylate 1188365-72-1 C13H8BrNO2S
    methyl 1-bromothieno[3,2-f]quinoline-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl 3-bromo-2-iodobenzoate 121772-84-7 C8H6BrIO2
    methyl 3-bromo-2-iodobenzoate
    —— trans-2,3-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-γ-butyrolactone 78473-71-9 C18H18O4
    trans-2,3-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-γ-butyrolactone
    —— methyl 4-amino-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate 524916-42-5 C14H20BNO4
    methyl 4-amino-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate
    —— 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)benzoate 92118-83-7 C24H26FNO2
    4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)benzoate
    —— 2-bromoethyl isothiocyanate 1483-41-6 C3H4BrNS
    2-bromoethyl isothiocyanate
    —— 4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-piperazinecarboxylic acid, ethyl ester 143210-48-4 C13H19N3O2
    4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-piperazinecarboxylic acid, ethyl ester
    —— 1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester 15585-44-1 C9H14O3
    1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-Vinylbenzyl-12-hydroxyl dodecanoate 330437-21-3 C21H32O3
    4-Vinylbenzyl-12-hydroxyl dodecanoate
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-6-ethylbenzoic acid, methyl ester 102342-60-9 C10H12O4
    2,4-dihydroxy-6-ethylbenzoic acid, methyl ester
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-(5-bromo-2-oxo-1-pyridyl)ethyl]carbamate 1051315-89-9 C12H17BrN2O3
    tert-butyl N-[2-(5-bromo-2-oxo-1-pyridyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— methyl (S)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate 50415-69-5 C10H11NO4
    methyl (S)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate
    —— methyl 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tridecafluorononanoate 110260-75-8 C10H7F13O2
    methyl 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tridecafluorononanoate
    —— ethyl 4-(tert-butylamino)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 101590-08-3 C12H19N3O2S
    ethyl 4-(tert-butylamino)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2,6-difluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester 1321613-00-6 C14H17BF2O4
    2,6-difluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester
    —— N-methyl-4-(2-mercapto-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pyridinium bromide 1427207-49-5 Br*C9H9N2S2
    N-methyl-4-(2-mercapto-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pyridinium bromide
    —— ethyl 5-cyano-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate 191419-02-0 C8H9N3O2
    ethyl 5-cyano-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate
    —— methyl 4-bromo-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylate 265652-38-8 C7H7BrO2S
    methyl 4-bromo-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl 3-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoate 1033700-43-4 C7H9NO4S
    methyl 3-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoate
    —— (cis)-2-pentenoic acid ethyl ester 27805-84-1 C7H12O2
    (cis)-2-pentenoic acid ethyl ester
    —— tert-butyl (4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)carbamate 1324000-27-2 C12H13FN2O2
    tert-butyl (4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)carbamate
    —— Ethyl 2-(4-aminophenyl)-2,2-difluoroacetate 1260792-92-4 C10H11F2NO2
    Ethyl 2-(4-aminophenyl)-2,2-difluoroacetate
    —— 1,1-Diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-hydrazine sodium 138475-09-9 C4H11N3O2*Na
    1,1-Diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-hydrazine sodium
    —— methyl 4-(chloro(hydroxyimino)methyl)benzoate 101023-70-5 C9H8ClNO3
    methyl 4-(chloro(hydroxyimino)methyl)benzoate
    —— N1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N1-iso-propyl-1,2-ethanediamine 1190889-97-4 C10H22N2O2
    N1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N1-iso-propyl-1,2-ethanediamine
    —— Bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate 117-81-7 C22H34O4
    Bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
    —— carbomethoxymethylenediphenylphosphine oxide 21993-16-8 C15H15O3P
    carbomethoxymethylenediphenylphosphine oxide
    —— methyl (R)-3-(2-methoxy-5-methyl)-3-phenylpropanoate 124937-62-8 C18H20O3
    methyl (R)-3-(2-methoxy-5-methyl)-3-phenylpropanoate
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid methyl ester 1342886-64-9 C23H38O4
    2,4-dihydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole-5-carboxylate 131020-42-3 C10H14N2O2
    methyl 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 4-(bromomethyl)phenyl diethyl phosphate 916661-26-2 C11H16BrO4P
    4-(bromomethyl)phenyl diethyl phosphate
    —— trans-3-hexenyl pyruvate 68133-76-6 C9H14O3
    trans-3-hexenyl pyruvate
    —— (E)-hex-3-en-1-yl methyl carbonate 67633-96-9 C8H14O3
    (E)-hex-3-en-1-yl methyl carbonate
    —— methyl 3-(3-bromophenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate 926625-05-0 C12H15BrO2
    methyl 3-(3-bromophenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— (R)-methyl 2-amino-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate hydrochloride 919792-96-4 C9H18N2O4*ClH
    (R)-methyl 2-amino-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate hydrochloride
    —— methyl 2-(1-pyrrolyl)acetate 50966-72-8 C7H9NO2
    methyl 2-(1-pyrrolyl)acetate
    —— ethyl 6-(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)-3-chloropicolinate 1436504-98-1 C14H19ClN2O4
    ethyl 6-(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)-3-chloropicolinate
    —— 1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-cyclopent-3-enecarboxylic acid methyl ester 288303-88-8 C12H19NO4
    1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-cyclopent-3-enecarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 2,3-dicarbomethoxy-7-norbornane 89871-46-5 C11H16O4
    2,3-dicarbomethoxy-7-norbornane
    —— tert-butyl (2-(2-((6-chlorohexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate 920264-35-3 C15H30ClNO4
    tert-butyl (2-(2-((6-chlorohexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethyl)carbamate
    —— 5-carbamoyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1446238-40-9 C6H8N2O4
    5-carbamoyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— phosphorodifluoridous acid pentyl ester 25203-50-3 C5H11F2OP
    phosphorodifluoridous acid pentyl ester
    —— ETHYL N-PHENYLFORMIMIDATE 6780-49-0 C9H11NO
    ETHYL N-PHENYLFORMIMIDATE
    —— 2.4.6-Trimethyl-phenoxyessigsaeure-ethylester 224648-08-2 C13H18O3
    2.4.6-Trimethyl-phenoxyessigsaeure-ethylester