酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-1-ium | 147202-35-5 | C10H20NO2+ |
| —— | ethyl 4-hydroxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 1343572-58-6 | C10H10N4O3 |
| —— | 1,3-Pentanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-, monoisobutyrate | 25265-77-4 | C12H26O4 |
| —— | methyl 4-isopropyl-6-methoxypicolinate | 1448776-79-1 | C11H15NO3 |
| —— | Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-diisooctyl ester | 1330-86-5 | C22H46O4 |
| —— | 500141-97-9 | C17H20F3NO | |
| —— | ethyl 2-(1-piperazinyl)-2-methylpropionate | 886447-23-0 | C10H20N2O2 |
| —— | Tert-butyl 2-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-YL)oxy)-2-methylpropanoate | 1587660-77-2 | C12H19NO5 |
| —— | Pentaerythritol rosinate | 8050-26-8 | C25H40O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-dodec-11-enylcarbamate | 1286254-56-5 | C17H33NO2 |
| —— | 2-oxo-tridecanoic acid ethyl ester | 175473-12-8 | C15H28O3 |
| —— | (E)-5-[2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)vinyl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 1425647-75-1 | C15H20BNO4 |
| —— | (S)-methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropanoate | 54927-70-7 | C5H10O4 |
| —— | methyl (Z)-3-hydroxy-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-enedithioate | 39580-22-8 | C11H12OS2 |
| —— | tent-butyl 3-(aminomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate | 1237535-92-0 | C13H16F3NO2 |
| —— | Telmisartan EP Impurity B Methyl Ester | 1338830-37-7 | C34H32N4O2 |
| —— | methyl 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzoate | 1379366-11-6 | C8H5BrClFO2 |
| —— | methyl piperazine-2-(R)-carboxylate dihydrochloride | 637027-25-9 | C6H12N2O2*2ClH |
| —— | Diethyl [[5-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-furyl]methyl]phosphonate | 130333-66-3 | C12H19O6P |
| —— | methyl 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isochromene-3-carboxylate | 1234672-76-4 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | methyl 5-bromo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-indazole-6-carboxylate | 1613504-87-2 | C14H15BrN2O3 |
| —— | N-<Aethoxycarbonyl-thiocarbonyl>-4-chlor-anilin | 69066-33-7 | C10H10ClNO2S |
| —— | tert-butyl N-(11-aminoundecyl)carbamate | 937367-26-5 | C16H34N2O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (R)-4-amino-3,3-dimethylpiperidine-1-carboxylate | 1357600-61-3 | C12H24N2O2 |
| —— | Methyl 4-fluoro-1-cubanecarboxylate | 141046-54-0 | C10H9FO2 |
| —— | diacetylglycerol | 25395-31-7 | C7H12O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl (2R,3S)-3-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1272599-12-8 | C10H18FNO3 |
| —— | ethyl (R)-3-hydroxydecanoate | 130322-00-8 | C12H24O3 |
| —— | ethyl 3-fluoro-2-iodo-6-methylbenzoate | 1417190-25-0 | C10H10FIO2 |
| —— | 2,4-dihydroxy-6-n-hexylbenzoic acid, methyl ester | 102342-63-2 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | (S)-3-Hydroxy-decanoic acid ethyl ester | 214193-71-2 | C12H24O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate | 1035490-58-4 | C13H18FNO3 |
| —— | ethyl 4-iodobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylate | 1299425-88-9 | C11H17IO2 |
| —— | Tert-butyl 3-amino-5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylate | 887250-15-9 | C9H12BrNO2S |
| —— | ethyl 2-oxo-4-(o-tolyl)but-3-ynoate | 1330009-38-5 | C13H12O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 1443300-56-8 | C13H26O5 |
| —— | methyl ganoderate H | 98665-11-3 | C33H46O9 |
| —— | TRIMETHYL CIS,CIS-1,3,5-CYCLOHEXANETRICARBOXYLATE | 6998-83-0 | C12H18O6 |
| —— | methyl (1-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)cyclopropane-1-carbonyl)glycinate | 1012781-77-9 | C15H18N2O5 |
| —— | methyl 3-chloro-5-iodo-4-methylbenzoate | 21324-01-6 | C9H8ClIO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (3-iodo-2-methylphenyl)carbamate | 1072801-05-8 | C12H16INO2 |
| —— | methyl 2-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propanoate | 6097-62-7 | C10H12ClNO2 |
| —— | 4'-Benzyl 3-methyl 2'-amino-6-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,4'-dicarboxylate | 1381944-53-1 | C22H18FNO4 |
| —— | Methyl phaeophorbide | 5594-30-9 | C36H38N4O5 |
| —— | 6-Hexyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzoesaeureaethylester | 34993-70-9 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | pregnenolone acetate | 1778-02-5 | C23H34O3 |
| —— | methyl 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-9-carboxylate | 1432477-07-0 | C13H12ClNO2 |
| —— | Beta-Methyl Vinyl Phosphate | 90776-59-3 | C29H27N2O10P |
| —— | tert-butyl 3-amino-5-methoxybenzylcarbamate | 1108723-86-9 | C13H20N2O3 |
| —— | methyl 2-methyl-6-(isopropyl)nicotinate | 1448776-75-7 | C11H15NO2 |
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