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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiophene-2-carboxylate 666853-39-0 C11H15NO4S
    methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiophene-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl 6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) nicotinate 1268609-70-6 C14H10F3NO3
    methyl 6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy) nicotinate
    —— (-)(R)-heptane-carboxylic acid-(3)-ethyl ester 2983-37-1 C10H20O2
    (-)(R)-heptane-carboxylic acid-(3)-ethyl ester
    —— N-acetylisoleucine methyl ester 2256-76-0 C9H17NO3
    N-acetylisoleucine methyl ester
    —— 3,4-diphenyl-5-ethylisoxazole 74048-23-0 C17H15NO
    3,4-diphenyl-5-ethylisoxazole
    —— D-Gluco-D-gulo-heptonsaeure-γ-lacton 89-67-8 C7H12O7
    D-Gluco-D-gulo-heptonsaeure-γ-lacton
    —— DL-4-chlorophenylalanine t-butyl ester 81085-20-3 C13H18ClNO2
    DL-4-chlorophenylalanine t-butyl ester
    —— methyl 2-acetyl-3-nitrobenzoate 7407-52-5 C10H9NO5
    methyl 2-acetyl-3-nitrobenzoate
    —— methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoate 40256-81-3 C8H6ClNO5
    methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoate
    —— trans-Cyclohexan-dicarbonsaeure-1,3-dimethylester 6998-82-9 C10H16O4
    trans-Cyclohexan-dicarbonsaeure-1,3-dimethylester
    —— (2S)-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(4'-chloropyridin-3'-yl)propionic acid methyl ester 656801-18-2 C14H19ClN2O4
    (2S)-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(4'-chloropyridin-3'-yl)propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-Brom-cyclobutan-1-carbonsaeure-aethylester 2983-89-3 C7H11BrO2
    2-Brom-cyclobutan-1-carbonsaeure-aethylester
    —— Chenodeoxycholsaeure (Acetylmethylester) 2616-71-9 C29H46O6
    Chenodeoxycholsaeure (Acetylmethylester)
    —— [2-(4-pyridyl)benzoxazol-7-yl]carboxylic acid methyl ester 579525-07-8 C14H10N2O3
    [2-(4-pyridyl)benzoxazol-7-yl]carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (+/-)-dimethyl trans-2,4-dimethylglutarate 2121-68-8 C9H16O4
    (+/-)-dimethyl trans-2,4-dimethylglutarate
    —— methyl 2-butyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate 102342-62-1 C12H16O4
    methyl 2-butyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-benzoyl-L-citrulline methyl ester 14325-36-1 C14H19N3O4
    N<sup>α</sup>-benzoyl-L-citrulline methyl ester
    —— isoambrettolide 63286-42-0 C16H28O2
    isoambrettolide
    —— methyl 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate 894796-87-3 C9H8F3NO2
    methyl 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate
    —— (S)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate 1421349-08-7 C12H16O3
    (S)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarcoxylic acid, dimethyl ester 1861-32-1 C10H6Cl4O4
    2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarcoxylic acid, dimethyl ester
    —— methyl 3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)benzoate 862389-45-5 C11H10N2O2S
    methyl 3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)benzoate
    —— methyl 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate 175204-89-4 C9H7F3O4
    methyl 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate
    —— Sodium phenylbutyrate 61886-29-1 C10H17O2*Na
    Sodium phenylbutyrate
    —— methyl 4-acryloyl-benzoate 187401-48-5 C11H10O3
    methyl 4-acryloyl-benzoate
    —— methyl 2-(5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate 1419172-25-0 C15H20BClO4
    methyl 2-(5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate
    —— 4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-ynoic acid 922-67-8 C5H4O4
    4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-ynoic acid
    —— methyl 2-(2-chlorobenzyloxy)-5-fluorobenzoate 391-92-4 C15H12ClFO3
    methyl 2-(2-chlorobenzyloxy)-5-fluorobenzoate
    —— N<sup>α(1)</sup>-Benzyloxycarbonyl-N<sup>ε</sup>-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-lysin-methylester 2389-49-3 C20H30N2O6
    N<sup>α(1)</sup>-Benzyloxycarbonyl-N<sup>ε</sup>-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-lysin-methylester
    —— methyl 2-bromo-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate 1283737-10-9 C8H6BrNO2S
    methyl 2-bromo-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate
    —— methyl 2,5-difluoro-4-methylbenzoate 1355488-71-9 C9H8F2O2
    methyl 2,5-difluoro-4-methylbenzoate
    —— methyl allylglycinate hydrochloride 115289-55-9 C6H12NO2*Cl
    methyl allylglycinate hydrochloride
    —— methyl 3,5-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylate 5439-08-7 C7H5Cl2NO2
    methyl 3,5-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl 7-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate 940960-50-9 C10H8ClNO2
    methyl 7-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate
    —— 10-methoxy-6-methyl-ergoline-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester 23495-64-9 C18H22N2O3
    10-methoxy-6-methyl-ergoline-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 10-Methoxydihydrolysergsaeuremethylester 23495-64-9 C18H22N2O3
    10-Methoxydihydrolysergsaeuremethylester
    —— Phenyl-bis-(p-methoxy-carbonyl-phenyl)-phosphinoxid 47563-54-2 C22H19O5P
    Phenyl-bis-(p-methoxy-carbonyl-phenyl)-phosphinoxid
    —— tert-butyl 5-benzyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate 132666-68-3 C17H24N2O2
    tert-butyl 5-benzyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate
    —— cholesteryl acetate 604-35-3 C29H48O2
    cholesteryl acetate
    —— endo-Norbornanol-(2)-formiat 41498-71-9 C8H12O2
    endo-Norbornanol-(2)-formiat
    —— endo-2-Formyloxy-norbornan 41498-71-9 C8H12O2
    endo-2-Formyloxy-norbornan
    —— Methylazoxymethyl acetate 592-62-1 C4H8N2O3
    Methylazoxymethyl acetate
    —— methyl 2,5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate 77959-75-2 C11H10O5
    methyl 2,5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (Z)-11-eicosenoate 137202-21-2 C22H42O2
    ethyl (Z)-11-eicosenoate
    —— ethyl (2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetate 131705-47-0 C11H13N3O2
    ethyl (2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetate
    —— methyl (6aR,9S)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxylate 5143-94-2 C17H20N2O2
    methyl (6aR,9S)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxylate
    —— (+)(S)-heptane-carboxylic acid-(3)-ethyl ester 2983-37-1 C10H20O2
    (+)(S)-heptane-carboxylic acid-(3)-ethyl ester
    —— tert-butyl (5-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)(tertbutoxycarbonyl)carbamate 1222105-50-1 C15H19BrF3N3O4
    tert-butyl (5-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)(tertbutoxycarbonyl)carbamate
    —— methyl 4-((E)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)vinyl)benzoate 683246-09-5 C15H18O4
    methyl 4-((E)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)vinyl)benzoate
    —— ZINC ethyl fumarate 62008-21-3 C12H14O8Zn
    ZINC ethyl fumarate