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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 353525-11-8 C9H11NO3
    methyl (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl chloroformate 34857-66-4 C8H4ClF3O2
    4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl chloroformate
    —— Pomonic acid methyl ester 14440-23-4 C31H48O4
    Pomonic acid methyl ester
    —— dimethyl fumarate radical cation 624-48-6 C6H8O4
    dimethyl fumarate radical cation
    —— 3-phenylaminobut-2-enoic acid ethyl ester 6287-35-0 C12H15NO2
    3-phenylaminobut-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 6-(2-propenyl)-9,10-dihydrolysergic acid methyl ester 72821-79-5 C19H22N2O2
    6-(2-propenyl)-9,10-dihydrolysergic acid methyl ester
    —— phenyl ethylcarbamate 17576-39-5 C9H11NO2
    phenyl ethylcarbamate
    —— Gitoformate 10176-39-3 C46H64O19
    Gitoformate
    —— methyl (E)-4-chloro-4-oxo-2-butenoate 17081-97-9 C5H5ClO3
    methyl (E)-4-chloro-4-oxo-2-butenoate
    —— methyl (E)-pent-3-enoate 818-58-6 C6H10O2
    methyl (E)-pent-3-enoate
    —— bis(trimethylsilyl) oxalate 18294-04-7 C8H18O4Si2
    bis(trimethylsilyl) oxalate
    —— DIAD 10099-70-4 C10H16O4
    DIAD
    —— methyl 2-[3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl]acetate 211116-46-0 C13H18N2O2
    methyl 2-[3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl]acetate
    —— ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate 4046-02-0 C12H14O4
    ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate
    —— methyl 9-bromononanoate 67878-15-3 C10H19BrO2
    methyl 9-bromononanoate
    —— ethyl 2-methoxyiminoacetoacetate 60846-14-2 C7H11NO4
    ethyl 2-methoxyiminoacetoacetate
    —— Methyl 3-hydroxycholan-24-oate 1249-75-8 C25H42O3
    Methyl 3-hydroxycholan-24-oate
    —— 3-deshydrocarnitine 10457-99-5 C7H13NO3
    3-deshydrocarnitine
    —— Cholesterylformiat 4351-55-7 C28H46O2
    Cholesterylformiat
    —— methyl 2-iodoacetate 5199-50-8 C3H5IO2
    methyl 2-iodoacetate
    —— Acetic acid 17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester 604-35-3 C29H48O2
    Acetic acid 17-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester
    —— Bufotalin 471-95-4 C26H36O6
    Bufotalin
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one 89-67-8 C7H12O7
    3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— cholesterol benzoate 604-32-0 C34H50O2
    cholesterol benzoate
    —— DL-methionine methyl ester 10332-17-9 C6H13NO2S
    DL-methionine methyl ester
    —— Tropin-isobuttersaeure-ester 495-80-7 C12H21NO2
    Tropin-isobuttersaeure-ester
    —— 3-iodoacrylic acid methyl ester 6213-88-3 C4H5IO2
    3-iodoacrylic acid methyl ester
    —— [10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] docos-13-enoate 24516-39-0 C49H86O2
    [10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] docos-13-enoate
    —— Cholesteryllaurat 1908-11-8 C39H68O2
    Cholesteryllaurat
    —— Bassianolid 64763-82-2 C48H84N4O12
    Bassianolid
    —— 3-methylaminobut-2-enoic acid methyl ester 13412-12-9 C6H11NO2
    3-methylaminobut-2-enoic acid methyl ester
    —— Oleonsaeure-methylester 1721-58-0 C31H48O3
    Oleonsaeure-methylester
    —— ethyl hexa-2,4-dienoate 2396-84-1 C8H12O2
    ethyl hexa-2,4-dienoate
    —— Chloranthalacton A 66395-02-6 C15H16O2
    Chloranthalacton A
    —— 5,8a-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2H,3H,3aH,4H,6H,7H,8H,8aH,9H,9aH-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one 64340-41-6 C15H20O2
    5,8a-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2H,3H,3aH,4H,6H,7H,8H,8aH,9H,9aH-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one
    —— Methylmaslinat 1724-16-9 C31H50O4
    Methylmaslinat
    —— Ursonsaeure-methylester 989-72-0 C31H48O3
    Ursonsaeure-methylester
    —— ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate 924-99-2 C7H13NO2
    ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate
    —— azelaic acid monoethyl ester 1593-55-1 C11H20O4
    azelaic acid monoethyl ester
    —— 3,4,5-triacetoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester 20189-90-6 C14H14O8
    3,4,5-triacetoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester
    —— Ethyl Octadeca-6,9,12-trienoate 31450-14-3 C20H34O2
    Ethyl Octadeca-6,9,12-trienoate
    —— n-butyl orsellinate 31489-30-2 C12H16O4
    n-butyl orsellinate
    —— Ginkgolide M 15291-78-8 C20H24O10
    Ginkgolide M
    —— 2-acetoxybenzaldehyde 5663-67-2 C9H8O3
    2-acetoxybenzaldehyde
    —— Prednisolon-21-diethylaminoacetat 5626-34-6 C27H39NO6
    Prednisolon-21-diethylaminoacetat
    —— di-tert-butyl 5-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate 91229-91-3 C14H23NO5
    di-tert-butyl 5-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate
    —— methyl 2-[N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(chloroacetyl)-amino]-propionate 52888-51-4 C14H18ClNO3
    methyl 2-[N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(chloroacetyl)-amino]-propionate
    —— 4-methyl-2-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl acetate 131766-73-9 C11H20O3
    4-methyl-2-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl acetate
    —— propaquizafop 111479-05-1 C22H22ClN3O5
    propaquizafop
    —— Spirostan-12-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-, (3beta,5alpha,25R)- 915-35-5 C29H44O5
    Spirostan-12-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-, (3beta,5alpha,25R)-