酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | methyl 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylate | 1135272-67-1 | C12H13NO3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1R,5R)-6-benzyl-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate | 309962-75-2 | C17H24N2O2 |
| —— | methyl 5-bromo-6-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate | 1214336-44-3 | C7H5BrFNO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-(2-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl(methyl)carbamate | 1260430-85-0 | C14H28N4O5 |
| —— | N-Cyanoacetimidsaeure-aethylester | 1558-82-3 | C5H8N2O |
| —— | tert-butyl [(1R,5S,6S)-3-ethyl-6-(nitromethyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-6-yl]acetate | 1138246-18-0 | C16H25NO4 |
| —— | tert-butyl (2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate | 152491-46-8 | C11H21NO3 |
| —— | (4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-methanone | 135865-78-0 | C13H18N4O |
| —— | methyl 5-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)nicotinate | 1418274-46-0 | C10H12N2O3 |
| —— | methyl 3-bromo-5-(chlorosulfonyl)benzoate | 668261-21-0 | C8H6BrClO4S |
| —— | methyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 701-15-5 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 5-methoxycarbonyloxyindolizine-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 784150-88-5 | C12H11NO5 |
| —— | methyl 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate | 108249-44-1 | C9H9BrO4 |
| —— | (2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol acetate | 52225-20-4 | C31H52O3 |
| —— | Methyl N<sup>α</sup>-benzoyllysinate hydrochloride | 14280-01-4 | C14H20N2O3*ClH |
| —— | methyl 1-bromothieno[3,2-f]quinoline-2-carboxylate | 1188365-72-1 | C13H8BrNO2S |
| —— | methyl 3-bromo-2-iodobenzoate | 121772-84-7 | C8H6BrIO2 |
| —— | ethyl 4,6-dichlorothieno<2,3-b>pyridine-5-carboxylate | 99429-69-3 | C10H7Cl2NO2S |
| —— | trans-2,3-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-γ-butyrolactone | 78473-71-9 | C18H18O4 |
| —— | methyl 4-amino-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate | 524916-42-5 | C14H20BNO4 |
| —— | 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)benzoate | 92118-83-7 | C24H26FNO2 |
| —— | 2-bromoethyl isothiocyanate | 1483-41-6 | C3H4BrNS |
| —— | 1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 15585-44-1 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 4-Vinylbenzyl-12-hydroxyl dodecanoate | 330437-21-3 | C21H32O3 |
| —— | 2,4-dihydroxy-6-ethylbenzoic acid, methyl ester | 102342-60-9 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[2-(5-bromo-2-oxo-1-pyridyl)ethyl]carbamate | 1051315-89-9 | C12H17BrN2O3 |
| —— | methyl (S)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate | 50415-69-5 | C10H11NO4 |
| —— | 4-butoxy-2-methylene-4-oxobutanoic acid | 27216-48-4 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | methyl 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tridecafluorononanoate | 110260-75-8 | C10H7F13O2 |
| —— | ethyl 4-(tert-butylamino)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 101590-08-3 | C12H19N3O2S |
| —— | 2,6-difluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester | 1321613-00-6 | C14H17BF2O4 |
| —— | N-methyl-4-(2-mercapto-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pyridinium bromide | 1427207-49-5 | Br*C9H9N2S2 |
| —— | ethyl 5-cyano-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate | 191419-02-0 | C8H9N3O2 |
| —— | methyl 4-bromo-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylate | 265652-38-8 | C7H7BrO2S |
| —— | methyl 3-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoate | 1033700-43-4 | C7H9NO4S |
| —— | (cis)-2-pentenoic acid ethyl ester | 27805-84-1 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (4-cyano-2-fluorophenyl)carbamate | 1324000-27-2 | C12H13FN2O2 |
| —— | Ethyl 2-(4-aminophenyl)-2,2-difluoroacetate | 1260792-92-4 | C10H11F2NO2 |
| —— | 1,1-Diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-hydrazine sodium | 138475-09-9 | C4H11N3O2*Na |
| —— | methyl 4-(chloro(hydroxyimino)methyl)benzoate | 101023-70-5 | C9H8ClNO3 |
| —— | N1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N1-iso-propyl-1,2-ethanediamine | 1190889-97-4 | C10H22N2O2 |
| —— | Bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate | 117-81-7 | C22H34O4 |
| —— | carbomethoxymethylenediphenylphosphine oxide | 21993-16-8 | C15H15O3P |
| —— | methyl (R)-3-(2-methoxy-5-methyl)-3-phenylpropanoate | 124937-62-8 | C18H20O3 |
| —— | 2,4-dihydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid methyl ester | 1342886-64-9 | C23H38O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole-5-carboxylate | 131020-42-3 | C10H14N2O2 |
| —— | 4-(bromomethyl)phenyl diethyl phosphate | 916661-26-2 | C11H16BrO4P |
| —— | trans-3-hexenyl pyruvate | 68133-76-6 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (E)-hex-3-en-1-yl methyl carbonate | 67633-96-9 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | methyl 3-(3-bromophenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 926625-05-0 | C12H15BrO2 |
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