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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 化学试剂 有机试剂 酯类

    酯类

    酯类 定义与结构

    酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。

    合成方法
    1. 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
    2. 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
    3. 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
    物理化学性质
    • 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
    • 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
    • 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
    应用领域
    1. 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
    2. 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
    3. 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
    环境影响

    一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。

    安全性

    酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Pentanoic acid, 5-amino-4-oxo-, heptyl ester, hydrochloride 140898-92-6 C12H24ClNO3
    Pentanoic acid, 5-amino-4-oxo-, heptyl ester, hydrochloride
    —— Phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester 52933-02-5 C8H17O4P-2
    Phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
    —— methyl 4-[chloro(hydroxyimino)methyl]benzoate 101023-70-5 C9H8ClNO3
    methyl 4-[chloro(hydroxyimino)methyl]benzoate
    —— methyl 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate 20445-36-7 C10H9F3O3
    methyl 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
    —— methyl 2-fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate 1293284-61-3 C14H18BFO4
    methyl 2-fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate
    —— (E)-methyl 2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)but-3-enoate 42393-15-7 C9H8O3S
    (E)-methyl 2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)but-3-enoate
    —— methyl (2E)-3-(4-iodophenyl)prop-2-enoate 161634-73-7 C10H9IO2
    methyl (2E)-3-(4-iodophenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— ethyl (E)-5-hydroxypent-2-enoate 13038-13-6 C7H12O3
    ethyl (E)-5-hydroxypent-2-enoate
    —— methyl (1R,2S,3R,4S)-3-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate hydrochloride 1071520-51-8 C9H15NO2*ClH
    methyl (1R,2S,3R,4S)-3-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— (2,4-dimethyl-benzyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester 108196-60-7 C13H21O3P
    (2,4-dimethyl-benzyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2-bromoethyl α-bromoisobutyrate 19444-34-9 C6H10Br2O2
    2-bromoethyl α-bromoisobutyrate
    —— methyl α-allyloxymethylacrylate 219828-90-7 C8H12O3
    methyl α-allyloxymethylacrylate
    —— methyl 2-chloro-3-bromomethyl-4-methanesulfonylbenzoate 120100-44-9 C10H10BrClO4S
    methyl 2-chloro-3-bromomethyl-4-methanesulfonylbenzoate
    —— methyl (E)-3-cyclopropylacrylate 59939-11-6 C7H10O2
    methyl (E)-3-cyclopropylacrylate
    —— 1,4-dihydro-1,2-dimethyl-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 73281-82-0 C14H15NO3
    1,4-dihydro-1,2-dimethyl-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (E)-6-O-(p-coumaroyl)scandoside methyl ester 83946-90-1 C26H30O13
    (E)-6-O-(p-coumaroyl)scandoside methyl ester
    —— ethyl 4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate 746671-35-2 C11H17NO2
    ethyl 4-tert-butyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
    —— (Z)-3-furan-2-yl-acrylic acid ethyl ester 623-20-1 C9H10O3
    (Z)-3-furan-2-yl-acrylic acid ethyl ester
    —— TRANS-4-AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER 1678-68-8 C9H17NO2
    TRANS-4-AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
    —— TRANS-4-AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER 1678-68-8 C9H17NO2
    TRANS-4-AMINOCYCLOHEXANE CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
    —— <3aR(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)>-(-)-5-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)hexahydro-4-hydroxymethyl-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one 54382-73-9 C21H20O5
    <3aR(3aα,4α,5β,6aα)>-(-)-5-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)hexahydro-4-hydroxymethyl-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one
    —— 2,2'-(Hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanimine 146724-94-9 C4H13N5O2
    2,2'-(Hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanimine
    —— (R)-methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate 112529-90-5 C7H14O3
    (R)-methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate
    —— methyl 3-cyano-4-hydroxy-5-iodobenzoate 1285574-72-2 C9H6INO3
    methyl 3-cyano-4-hydroxy-5-iodobenzoate
    —— methyl 2-amino-4-bromothiophene-3-carboxylate 1239461-22-3 C6H6BrNO2S
    methyl 2-amino-4-bromothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— DIMETHYL TRANS-1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLATE 3399-22-2 C10H16O4
    DIMETHYL TRANS-1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLATE
    —— ethyl 4-cyano-3-hydroxybutanoate 141942-85-0 C7H11NO3
    ethyl 4-cyano-3-hydroxybutanoate
    —— 5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester 866625-02-7 C14H18BClO4
    5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester
    —— Ethyl β-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate 24490-03-7 C7H9F3O2
    Ethyl β-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate
    —— 4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 1021273-74-4 C12H20O4
    4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (+)-(4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-{[1-(2-thiazolin-2-yl)-3-azetidinyl]sulfanyl}-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-p-nitrobenzyl ester 161715-20-4 C23H26N4O6S2
    (+)-(4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-{[1-(2-thiazolin-2-yl)-3-azetidinyl]sulfanyl}-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-p-nitrobenzyl ester
    —— trans-4-O-acetylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester 120077-76-1 C10H16O3
    trans-4-O-acetylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 4-methyl-2-pentenoate 50652-78-3 C7H12O2
    methyl 4-methyl-2-pentenoate
    —— ethyl 8-bromo-6-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate 1032691-86-3 C12H8BrClO4
    ethyl 8-bromo-6-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 4-bromo-3-(ethoxymethyl)benzoate 948349-66-4 C12H15BrO3
    ethyl 4-bromo-3-(ethoxymethyl)benzoate
    —— [4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-phenyl]-acetic acid methyl ester 191871-32-6 C15H21NO4
    [4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-phenyl]-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylamino)nicotinate 1374215-02-7 C10H11ClN2O2
    methyl 6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylamino)nicotinate
    —— 4-amino-3,5-dibromo-benzoic acid ethyl ester 58922-06-8 C9H9Br2NO2
    4-amino-3,5-dibromo-benzoic acid ethyl ester
    —— N-[1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-(E)-propenyl]glycine ethyl ester 203116-76-1 C13H15NO3
    N-[1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-(E)-propenyl]glycine ethyl ester
    —— (2-ethoxycarbonylethyl)diphenylphosphine 94995-57-0 C17H19O2P
    (2-ethoxycarbonylethyl)diphenylphosphine
    —— ethyl-p-chlorocinnamate 6048-06-2 C11H11ClO2
    ethyl-p-chlorocinnamate
    —— methyl 2-(4-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)acrylate 1202765-70-5 C10H8BrNO4
    methyl 2-(4-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)acrylate
    —— ethyl 2-(7,7-difluoro-6-methyl-4-oxobicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate 1557248-42-6 C12H14F2O4
    ethyl 2-(7,7-difluoro-6-methyl-4-oxobicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate
    —— ethyl N-cyanoacetimidate 1558-82-3 C5H8N2O
    ethyl N-cyanoacetimidate
    —— [(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate 495-80-7 C12H21NO2
    [(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— N-Boc-sarcosine ethyl ester 145060-76-0 C10H19NO4
    N-Boc-sarcosine ethyl ester
    —— Tetramethyl 3,8,13,17-tetrakis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-21H,23H-porphine-2,7,12,18-tetrapropionate 15435-60-6 C48H54N4O16
    Tetramethyl 3,8,13,17-tetrakis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-21H,23H-porphine-2,7,12,18-tetrapropionate
    —— octyl 5-oxo-L-prolinate 4931-70-8 C13H23NO3
    octyl 5-oxo-L-prolinate
    —— isopropyl 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-hydroxypropanoate 955379-18-7 C11H21NO5
    isopropyl 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-hydroxypropanoate
    —— (1R,4R)-Methyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate 110928-44-4 C9H16O3
    (1R,4R)-Methyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate