酯类
酯类
定义与结构
酯是一类含有官能团-R-O-R'的化合物，其中R和R'可以是烷基、芳香基或其他有机基团。酯通常由羧酸（-COOH）与醇（-OH）通过缩合反应制备而来。
合成方法- 酯化反应：最常见的是通过酯化反应，即羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下生成酯和水。
- 直接合成：某些特定条件下可以直接合成酯类化合物。
- 酶法合成：利用酶作为催化剂的生物合成途径。
- 酯通常具有较高的沸点，且多为无色液体或固体。
- 由于含有-O-键，在水中的溶解度较低，但能溶于有机溶剂中。
- 酯易被强酸、碱催化水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。
- 医药行业：许多药物分子中含有酯基团。例如，某些抗生素结构中有酯键。
- 食品工业：天然和合成的食用香料中常含有酯类化合物，赋予食物特殊的香气和风味。
- 塑料与涂料：某些类型的塑料、清漆和其他涂料也由酯构成或含酯成分。
一些酯物质可能会在环境中积累，并具有一定的毒性。因此，在生产和使用过程中需采取适当措施减少其对环境的影响。
安全性酯类化合物一般较为稳定，但在特定条件下可能发生水解、氧化等反应。对于某些特殊的酯类，如含有有毒基团的酯，则需要特别注意储存和处理以避免对人体健康造成危害。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | trans-Cyclohexan-dicarbonsaeure-1,3-dimethylester | 6998-82-9 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (2S)-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(4'-chloropyridin-3'-yl)propionic acid methyl ester | 656801-18-2 | C14H19ClN2O4 |
| —— | 2-Brom-cyclobutan-1-carbonsaeure-aethylester | 2983-89-3 | C7H11BrO2 |
| —— | Chenodeoxycholsaeure (Acetylmethylester) | 2616-71-9 | C29H46O6 |
| —— | [2-(4-pyridyl)benzoxazol-7-yl]carboxylic acid methyl ester | 579525-07-8 | C14H10N2O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-dimethyl trans-2,4-dimethylglutarate | 2121-68-8 | C9H16O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-butyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate | 102342-62-1 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | N<sup>α</sup>-benzoyl-L-citrulline methyl ester | 14325-36-1 | C14H19N3O4 |
| —— | isoambrettolide | 63286-42-0 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | methyl 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate | 894796-87-3 | C9H8F3NO2 |
| —— | (S)-methyl 4-(1-hydroxybutyl)benzoate | 1421349-08-7 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarcoxylic acid, dimethyl ester | 1861-32-1 | C10H6Cl4O4 |
| —— | methyl 3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)benzoate | 862389-45-5 | C11H10N2O2S |
| —— | methyl 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate | 175204-89-4 | C9H7F3O4 |
| —— | Sodium phenylbutyrate | 61886-29-1 | C10H17O2*Na |
| —— | methyl 4-acryloyl-benzoate | 187401-48-5 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | methyl 2-(5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate | 1419172-25-0 | C15H20BClO4 |
| —— | 4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-ynoic acid | 922-67-8 | C5H4O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-(2-chlorobenzyloxy)-5-fluorobenzoate | 391-92-4 | C15H12ClFO3 |
| —— | N<sup>α(1)</sup>-Benzyloxycarbonyl-N<sup>ε</sup>-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-lysin-methylester | 2389-49-3 | C20H30N2O6 |
| —— | methyl 2-bromo-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate | 1283737-10-9 | C8H6BrNO2S |
| —— | methyl 2,5-difluoro-4-methylbenzoate | 1355488-71-9 | C9H8F2O2 |
| —— | methyl allylglycinate hydrochloride | 115289-55-9 | C6H12NO2*Cl |
| —— | methyl 3,5-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylate | 5439-08-7 | C7H5Cl2NO2 |
| —— | methyl 7-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate | 940960-50-9 | C10H8ClNO2 |
| —— | 10-methoxy-6-methyl-ergoline-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 23495-64-9 | C18H22N2O3 |
| —— | 10-Methoxydihydrolysergsaeuremethylester | 23495-64-9 | C18H22N2O3 |
| —— | Phenyl-bis-(p-methoxy-carbonyl-phenyl)-phosphinoxid | 47563-54-2 | C22H19O5P |
| —— | tert-butyl 5-benzyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate | 132666-68-3 | C17H24N2O2 |
| —— | cholesteryl acetate | 604-35-3 | C29H48O2 |
| —— | endo-Norbornanol-(2)-formiat | 41498-71-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | endo-2-Formyloxy-norbornan | 41498-71-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | Methylazoxymethyl acetate | 592-62-1 | C4H8N2O3 |
| —— | methyl 2,5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 77959-75-2 | C11H10O5 |
| —— | ethyl (Z)-11-eicosenoate | 137202-21-2 | C22H42O2 |
| —— | ethyl (2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetate | 131705-47-0 | C11H13N3O2 |
| —— | methyl (6aR,9S)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxylate | 5143-94-2 | C17H20N2O2 |
| —— | (+)(S)-heptane-carboxylic acid-(3)-ethyl ester | 2983-37-1 | C10H20O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (5-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)(tertbutoxycarbonyl)carbamate | 1222105-50-1 | C15H19BrF3N3O4 |
| —— | methyl 4-((E)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)vinyl)benzoate | 683246-09-5 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | ZINC ethyl fumarate | 62008-21-3 | C12H14O8Zn |
| —— | Cholest-5-en-3beta-yl (Z)-13-docosenoate | 24516-39-0 | C49H86O2 |
| —— | Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (2-endo,3-exo)- | 116044-44-1 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, ethyl ester, (1R,2R,3R,4S)-rel- | 116126-82-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl trans-4-ethylcyclohexanecarboxylate | 90525-56-7 | C16H18FNO2 |
| —— | (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl formate | 4351-55-7 | C28H46O2 |
| —— | tert-Butyl N-[1-(3-bromophenyl)cyclobutyl]carbamate | 1245647-81-7 | C15H20BrNO2 |
| —— | Methyl 3-bromo-5-isobutoxybenzoate | 1255574-35-6 | C12H15BrO3 |
| —— | 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;but-2-enedioic acid | 72200-76-1 | C4H11NO3.C4H4O4 |
| —— | tert-Butyl [(1S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3-cyano-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]carbamate | 709031-43-6 | C23H33N3O4 |
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