嘧啶类化合物
嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物，与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键，表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水，碱性较弱，并且不易发生亲电取代反应；仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应，而不具备硝化或磺化的能力，但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中，如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内，有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基：尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶；其中，在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶，而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶，并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外，许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料，嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物，例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时，它们也是农药的重要组成部分，包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外，作为染料的原料，具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性，已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-苯基-2-嘧啶羧酸 | 5-Phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid | 85386-20-5 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 5-苯基-2,4-嘧啶二胺 | 2,4-Diamino-5-phenyl-pyrimidin | 18588-49-3 | C10H10N4 |
| 5-苯基-1H-嘧啶-2,4-二酮 | 5-phenyluracil | 15761-83-8 | C10H8N2O2 |
| 5-苄氧基-2,4-二氯嘧啶 | 5-(benzyloxy)-2,4-dichloropyrimidine | 91183-17-4 | C11H8Cl2N2O |
| 5-苄基-2,4-二氨基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine | 7319-45-1 | C11H12N4 |
| 5-苄基-2,4,6-三氯-嘧啶 | 5-benzyl-2,4,6-trichloro-pyrimidine | 14273-79-1 | C11H7Cl3N2 |
| 5-腈基-2-甲硫基嘧啶 | 2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 38275-43-3 | C6H5N3S |
| 5-羟甲基脲嘧啶 | 5-hydroxymethyl uracil | 4433-40-3 | C5H6N2O3 |
| 5-羟甲基-2-苯基嘧啶 | (2-phenylpyrimidin-5-yl)methanol | 886531-62-0 | C11H10N2O |
| 5-羟基甲基-2-硫尿嘧啶 | 4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-mercaptopyrimidine | 93185-31-0 | C5H6N2O2S |
| 5-羟基甲基-2-甲基嘧啶-4-醇 | 4-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyrimidin | 698-30-6 | C6H8N2O2 |
| 5-羟基嘧啶 | 5-pyrimidinol | 26456-59-7 | C4H4N2O |
| 5-羟基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | imidazolo<1,2-a>pyrimidine-5(1H)-one | 55662-68-5 | C6H5N3O |
| 5-羟基-4-甲基嘧啶 | 4-methyl-5-hydroxypyrimidine | 101257-87-8 | C5H6N2O |
| 5-羟基-4(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 5-hydroxypyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 15837-41-9 | C4H4N2O2 |
| 5-羟基-2-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2-methoxypyrimidin-5-ol | 91233-70-4 | C5H6N2O2 |
| 5-羟基-2(1h)-嘧啶酮 | 2,5-Dihydroxypyrimidin | 4874-29-7 | C4H4N2O2 |
| 5-碘尿嘧啶 | 5-Iodouracil | 696-07-1 | C4H3IN2O2 |
| 5-碘嘧啶 | 5-iodopyrimidine | 31462-58-5 | C4H3IN2 |
| 5-碘吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 5-iodo-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 705262-65-3 | C6H4IN3 |
| 5-碘-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | 163622-50-2 | C6H5IN4 |
| 5-碘-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 175791-53-4 | C6H4IN3 |
| 5-碘-7-甲基-7h-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-iodo-7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | 862729-13-3 | C7H7IN4 |
| 5-碘-6-甲基尿嘧啶 | 5-iodine-6-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 1461-67-2 | C5H5IN2O2 |
| 5-碘-6-甲基-4(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 5-iodo-6-methyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one | 7752-74-1 | C5H5IN2O |
| 5-碘-4-甲氧基嘧啶 | 5-iodo-4-methoxypyrimidine | 219915-13-6 | C5H5IN2O |
| 5-碘-4-甲基嘧啶 | 5-Iodo-4-methylpyrimidine | 91749-26-7 | C5H5IN2 |
| 5-碘-2-甲氧基嘧啶 | 5-iodo-2-methoxypyrimidine | 101803-06-9 | C5H5IN2O |
| 5-碘-2-甲基-4-羟基嘧啶 | 5-iodo-2-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone | 111079-41-5 | C5H5IN2O |
| 5-碘-2-嘧啶酮 | 5-iodo-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | 79387-69-2 | C4H3IN2O |
| 5-碘-1,3,6-三甲基尿嘧啶 | 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-5-iodo-1,3,6-trimethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidine | 134039-54-6 | C7H9IN2O2 |
| 5-硝基嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 5-Nitropyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid | 1086393-02-3 | C5H3N3O4 |
| 5-硝基嘧啶 | 5-nitropyrimidine | 14080-32-1 | C4H3N3O2 |
| 5-硝基-6-甲基-脲嘧啶 | 5-nitro-6-methyluracil | 16632-21-6 | C5H5N3O4 |
| 5-硝基-6-氯嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮 | 6-chloro-5-nitrouracil | 6630-30-4 | C4H2ClN3O4 |
| 5-硝基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 4,6-dihydroxy-5-nitropyrimidine | 2164-83-2 | C4H3N3O4 |
| 5-硝基-4,6-二氨基嘧啶 | 4,6-Diamino-5-nitropyrimidine | 2164-84-3 | C4H5N5O2 |
| 5-甲氨基尿嘧啶 | 5-(methylamino)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | 7577-92-6 | C5H7N3O2 |
| 5-甲氨基嘧啶 | N-methylpyrimidin-5-amine | 40492-24-8 | C5H7N3 |
| 5-甲氧基嘧啶-2-甲腈 | 5-methoxypyrimidine-2-carbonitrile | 87362-32-1 | C6H5N3O |
| 5-甲氧基嘧啶-2(1H)-酮 | 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxypyrimidin | 16290-93-0 | C5H6N2O2 |
| 5-甲氧基嘧啶 | 5-methoxypyrimidine | 31458-33-0 | C5H6N2O |
| 5-甲氧基-4-肼基嘧啶 | hydrazino-4 methoxy-5 pyrimidine | 99419-06-4 | C5H8N4O |
| 5-甲氧基-3-吡啶硼酸频哪醇酯 | 3-methoxy-5-pyridineboronic acid pinacol ester | 445264-60-8 | C12H18BNO3 |
| 5-甲氧基-2-甲硫基嘧啶-4-醇 | 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylmercapto-pyrimidin | 1671-08-5 | C6H8N2O2S |
| 5-甲氧基-2-甲硫基-4-氯嘧啶 | 4-Chlor-5-methoxy-2-methylmercapto-pyrimidin | 87026-45-7 | C6H7ClN2OS |
| 5-甲氧基-2-巯基-4-嘧啶醇 | 5-Methoxy-2-Sulfanyl-4-Pyrimidinol | 6939-11-3 | C5H6N2O2S |
| 5-甲氧基-2,4-二羟基嘧啶 | 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-pyrimidin | 6623-81-0 | C5H6N2O3 |
| 5-甲基异恶唑-3-甲醛 | 5-methyl-isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde | 62254-74-4 | C5H5NO2 |
| 5-甲基嘧啶-4-醇 | 4-oxo-6-methylpyrimidine | 17758-52-0 | C5H6N2O |
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