嘧啶类化合物
嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物，与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键，表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水，碱性较弱，并且不易发生亲电取代反应；仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应，而不具备硝化或磺化的能力，但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中，如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内，有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基：尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶；其中，在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶，而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶，并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外，许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料，嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物，例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时，它们也是农药的重要组成部分，包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外，作为染料的原料，具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性，已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-溴-2-(二甲基氨基)嘧啶 | 5-bromo-N,N-dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine | 38696-21-8 | C6H8BrN3 |
| 5-溴-2-(乙基硫代)嘧啶 | 2-ethylsulfanyl-5-bromo-pyrimidine | 859941-10-9 | C6H7BrN2S |
| 5-溴-2-(丙基硫代)嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2-propylthio-pyrimidine | 1199773-23-3 | C7H9BrN2S |
| 5-溴-2-(p-甲苯氧基)嘧啶 | 5-Bromo-2-(p-tolyloxy)pyrimidine | 887430-90-2 | C11H9BrN2O |
| 5-溴-2-(o-甲苯氧基)嘧啶 | 5-Bromo-2-(2-methylphenoxy)pyrimidine | 73267-74-0 | C11H9BrN2O |
| 5-溴-2-(m-甲苯氧基)嘧啶 | 5-Bromo-2-(m-tolyloxy)pyrimidine | 73221-74-6 | C11H9BrN2O |
| 5-溴-2-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine | 141302-36-5 | C9H13BrN4 |
| 5-溴-2-(4-氯苯氧基)嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)pyrimidine | 887430-82-2 | C10H6BrClN2O |
| 5-溴-2-(2-氯苯氧基)嘧啶 | 5-Bromo-2-(2-chlorophenoxy)pyrimidine | 73254-96-3 | C10H6BrClN2O |
| 5-溴-2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine | 56686-16-9 | C6H7BrN2O2 |
| 5-溴-2,4-二氯嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-bromopyrimidine | 36082-50-5 | C4HBrCl2N2 |
| 5-溴-2,4-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine | 56745-01-8 | C5H3BrCl2N2 |
| 5-溴-2,4-二氯-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶 | 5-Bromo-2,4-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 1240622-62-1 | C5BrCl2F3N2 |
| 5-溴-2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2,6-diamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone | 6312-72-7 | C4H5BrN4O |
| 5-溴-2,4-二氟嘧啶 | 5-Bromo-2,4-difluoropyrimidine | 903131-29-3 | C4HBrF2N2 |
| 5-溴-2,4-二(苯基甲氧基)-嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2,4-bis(benzyloxy)pyrimidine | 41244-53-5 | C18H15BrN2O2 |
| 5-溴-2,4,6-三氯嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine | 63931-21-5 | C4BrCl3N2 |
| 5-溴-2,3-二氢嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-Bromo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4-amine | 885268-37-1 | C4H6BrN3 |
| 5-溴-1-苯并呋喃-2-甲醛 | 5-bromo-1-benzofuran-2-carbaldehyde | 23145-16-6 | C9H5BrO2 |
| 5-溴-1-甲基嘧啶-2(1H)-酮 | 5-bromo-1-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one | 14248-01-2 | C5H5BrN2O |
| 5-溴-1-戊醇 | 5-bromopentan-1-ol | 34626-51-2 | C5H11BrO |
| 5-溴-1-(2-嘧啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲腈 | 5-Bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-YL)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile | 1269291-98-6 | C8H4BrN5 |
| 5-溴-1,3-二甲基尿嘧啶 | 5-bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil | 7033-39-8 | C6H7BrN2O2 |
| 5-溴-1,2-二氢-3H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-3-酮 | 5-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3(2H)-one | 1086064-44-9 | C6H4BrN3O |
| 5-氰基尿嘧啶 | 5-cyanouracil | 4425-56-3 | C5H3N3O2 |
| 5-氰基嘧啶 | pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 40805-79-6 | C5H3N3 |
| 5-氰基-6-氯烟酸 | 6-Chloro-5-cyanonicotinic Acid | 1206969-20-1 | C7H3ClN2O2 |
| 5-氰基-2-羟基嘧啶 | 5-cyanopyrimidin-2-one | 1753-49-7 | C5H3N3O |
| 5-氯甲基嘧啶 | 5-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine | 101346-02-5 | C5H5ClN2 |
| 5-氯嘧啶-4-醇 | 4-Hydroxy-5-chlor-pyrimidin | 4349-08-0 | C4H3ClN2O |
| 5-氯嘧啶-4-羧酸乙酯 | 5-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonylpyrimidine | 64224-64-2 | C7H7ClN2O2 |
| 5-氯嘧啶-4(1h)-酮盐酸盐 | 5-chloro-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-1-ium chloride | 197228-37-8 | C4H3ClN2O*ClH |
| 5-氯嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 5-chloropyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid | 38275-61-5 | C5H3ClN2O2 |
| 5-氯嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 5-Chlor-pyrimidin-2-carbonsaeure-amid | 38275-59-1 | C5H4ClN3O |
| 5-氯嘧啶-2-甲醛 | 5-chloropyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde | 944900-20-3 | C5H3ClN2O |
| 5-氯嘧啶 | 5-chloropyrimidine | 17180-94-8 | C4H3ClN2 |
| 5-氯咪唑并[1,2-c]嘧啶 | 5-chloroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine | 1208086-02-5 | C6H4ClN3 |
| 5-氯咪唑[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 5-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 944896-82-6 | C6H4ClN3 |
| 5-氯吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-胺 | 5-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-amine | 1234616-50-2 | C6H5ClN4 |
| 5-氯吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 5-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 29274-24-6 | C6H4ClN3 |
| 5-氯2,6-二羟基-4-嘧啶羧酸甲酯 | 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxycarboxylpyrimidine | 91447-90-4 | C6H5ClN2O4 |
| 5-氯-n-甲基-2-嘧啶胺 | 5-chloro-N-methylpyrimidin-2-amine | 45715-16-0 | C5H6ClN3 |
| 5-氯-N-环丙基-2-嘧啶胺 | 5-Chloro-N-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-amine | 1289385-19-8 | C7H8ClN3 |
| 5-氯-N-乙基-2-嘧啶胺 | 5-chloro-N-ethylpyrimidin-2-amine | 1289388-01-7 | C6H8ClN3 |
| 5-氯-N-(1-甲基乙基)-2-嘧啶胺 | 2-isopropylamino-5-chloro pyrimidine | 77476-96-1 | C7H10ClN3 |
| 5-氯-7-甲基咪唑[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 5-chloro-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 112266-62-3 | C7H6ClN3 |
| 5-氯-6-羟基-1H-嘧啶-4-酮 | 5-chloro-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine | 1193-56-2 | C4H3ClN2O2 |
| 5-氯-6-甲基尿嘧啶 | 5-chloro-6-methyluracil | 16018-87-4 | C5H5ClN2O2 |
| 5-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-4-胺 | 5-chloro-6-methylpyrimidin-4-amine | 13040-89-6 | C5H6ClN3 |
| 5-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-4(1H)-酮 | 4-hydroxy-5-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine | 7752-72-9 | C5H5ClN2O |
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