嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-氯-5-(苯甲氧基)嘧啶 | 5-(benzyloxy)-2-chloropyrimidine | 138274-14-3 | C11H9ClN2O |
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2-氯-5-(甲基硫代)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-5-(methylthio)pyrimidine | 115581-36-7 | C5H5ClN2S |
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2-氯-5-(氯甲基)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine | 148406-13-7 | C5H4Cl2N2 |
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2-氯-5-(三正丁基锡)嘧啶 | 3,5-dichloro-2-(tributylstannyl)pyrazine | 446285-70-7 | C16H28Cl2N2Sn |
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2-氯-5-(4-氯苯)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidine | 27956-40-7 | C10H6Cl2N2 |
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2-氯-5,7-二氢-6H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-酮 | 2-chloro-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one | 335654-08-5 | C6H4ClN3O |
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2-氯-5,6,7,8-四氢吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶盐酸盐 | 2-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine hydrochloride | 1314723-39-1 | C7H8ClN3*ClH |
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2-氯-4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮 | 2-chloro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one | 5418-94-0 | C8H5ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-苯基噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-phenyl-thieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine | 56844-18-9 | C12H7ClN2S |
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2-氯-4-肼基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-hydrazinyl-pyrimidine | 52476-87-6 | C4H5ClN4 |
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2-氯-4-羟基嘧啶 | 2-chloropyrimidin-4-ol | 55873-09-1 | C4H3ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-羟基-5-氟嘧啶 | 2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 155-12-4 | C4H2ClFN2O |
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2-氯-4-碘嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-iodopyrimidine | 395082-55-0 | C4H2ClIN2 |
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2-氯-4-硝基-5-氨基嘧啶 | 5-amino-2-chloro-4-nitropyrimidine | 618397-67-4 | C4H3ClN4O2 |
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2-氯-4-甲硫基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidine | 49844-93-1 | C5H5ClN2S |
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2-氯-4-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-methoxypyrimidine | 22536-63-6 | C5H5ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-甲氧基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-methoxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine | 22536-64-7 | C6H7ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-甲氧基-5-硝基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-methoxy-5-nitro-pyrimidine | 282102-07-2 | C5H4ClN3O3 |
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2-氯-4-甲基环己-1-烯-1-甲醛 | 2-Chloro-4-methylcyclohex-1-en-1-carbaldehyd | 38127-46-7 | C8H11ClO |
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2-氯-4-甲基-6-苯基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidine | 32785-40-3 | C11H9ClN2 |
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2-氯-4-甲基-6-甲硫基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-methyl-6-(methylthio)pyrimidine | 89466-59-1 | C6H7ClN2S |
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2-氯-4-溴嘧啶 | 4-bromo-2-chloropyrimidine | 885702-34-1 | C4H2BrClN2 |
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2-氯-4-氰基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile | 75833-38-4 | C5H2ClN3 |
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2-氯-4-氨基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 14394-60-6 | C5H6ClN3 |
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2-氯-4-氨基-5-硝基嘧啶 | 4-amino-2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine | 1920-66-7 | C4H3ClN4O2 |
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2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-5-methoxypyrimidin-4-amine | 99979-77-8 | C5H6ClN3O |
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2-氯-4-氟嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-fluoropyrimidine | 38953-29-6 | C4H2ClFN2 |
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2-氯-4-异丙基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-isopropylpyrimidine | 941294-36-6 | C7H9ClN2 |
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2-氯-4-噻吩-2-嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(thien-2'-yl)pyrimidine | 83726-75-4 | C8H5ClN2S |
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2-氯-4-哌啶-1-嘧啶 | 2-Chloro-4-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine | 5429-00-5 | C9H12ClN3 |
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2-氯-4-吗啡啉基噻吩并[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 4-(2-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine | 63894-67-7 | C10H10ClN3OS |
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2-氯-4-吗啉嘧啶 | 4-(2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine | 62968-37-0 | C8H10ClN3O |
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2-氯-4-乙氧基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-ethoxypyrimidine | 83774-09-8 | C6H7ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-乙氧基-6-甲基-嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-ethoxy-6-methylpyrimidine | 37482-64-7 | C7H9ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-乙基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-ethylpyrimidine | 188707-99-5 | C6H7ClN2 |
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2-氯-4-丙基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-propylpyrimidine | 111196-80-6 | C7H9ClN2 |
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2-氯-4-三氟甲基嘧啶-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine 5-carboxylate | 175137-27-6 | C7H4ClF3N2O2 |
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2-氯-4-三氟甲基嘧啶-5-羧酸-4-氯苄酯 | 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid p-chlorobenzyl ester | 175137-30-1 | C13H7Cl2F3N2O2 |
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2-氯-4-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine | 33034-67-2 | C5H2ClF3N2 |
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2-氯-4-三氟甲基-嘧啶-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 187035-79-6 | C8H6ClF3N2O2 |
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2-氯-4-(苯基硫代)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(phenylthio)pyrimidine | 191729-21-2 | C10H7ClN2S |
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2-氯-4-(甲氧基甲基)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidine | 1289387-30-9 | C6H7ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-(甲基磺酰基)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine | 1233026-31-7 | C5H5ClN2O2S |
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2-氯-4-(氯甲基)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine | 944902-31-2 | C5H4Cl2N2 |
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2-氯-4-(吡咯啉-1-基)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine | 35691-20-4 | C8H10ClN3 |
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2-氯-4-(叔丁氧基)嘧啶 | 4-(tert-butoxy)-2-chloropyrimidine | 614729-28-1 | C8H11ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-(乙氧基甲基)嘧啶 | 2-Chloro-4-(ethoxymethyl)pyrimidine | 1289385-59-6 | C7H9ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-5-羧酸苄酯 | benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 175137-29-8 | C13H8ClF3N2O2 |
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2-氯-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)嘧啶 | 2-chloro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine | 75634-04-7 | C11H9ClN2O |
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2-氯-4-(4-吗啉)-噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-6-羧醛 | 2-chloro-4-morpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-6-carbaldehyde | 885618-31-5 | C11H10ClN3O2S |
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