嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-甲基-5-羟基嘧啶 | 2-methylpyrimidin-5-ol | 35231-56-2 | C5H6N2O |
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2-甲基-5-硝基嘧啶 | 2-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine | 14080-34-3 | C5H5N3O2 |
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2-甲基-5-硝基-4,6-嘧啶二醇 | 4,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine | 53925-27-2 | C5H5N3O4 |
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2-甲基-5-溴嘧啶-4-羧酸 | 5-bromo-2-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 100707-39-9 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
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2-甲基-5-溴嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2-methylpyrimidine | 7752-78-5 | C5H5BrN2 |
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2-甲基-5-氯甲基嘧啶 | 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methylpyrimidine | 126504-86-7 | C6H7ClN2 |
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2-甲基-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 2-methyl-5-pyrimidinecarbaldehyde | 90905-33-2 | C6H6N2O |
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2-甲基-5-嘧啶甲醇 | (2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methanol | 2239-83-0 | C6H8N2O |
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2-甲基-5-嘧啶甲酸甲酯 | methyl 2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 5571-03-9 | C7H8N2O2 |
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2-甲基-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 2134-38-5 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2-甲基-5-嘧啶甲酸 | 2-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 5194-32-1 | C6H6N2O2 |
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2-甲基-5-嘧啶甲胺 | 5-Aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidin | 14273-46-2 | C6H9N3 |
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2-甲基-5-乙酰基嘧啶 | 1-(2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)ethanone | 1225223-42-6 | C7H8N2O |
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2-甲基-5-丙磺酰嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-Methyl-5-(propylsulfonyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 175202-09-2 | C8H13N3O2S |
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2-甲基-4-苯基嘧啶 | 2-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidine | 21203-79-2 | C11H10N2 |
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2-甲基-4-苯基-5-嘧啶羧酸 | 2-methyl-4-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid | 127958-10-5 | C12H10N2O2 |
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2-甲基-4-羟基嘧啶 | 2-methyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one | 19875-04-8 | C5H6N2O |
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2-甲基-4-羟基-6-嘧啶乙酸甲酯 | methyl 6-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 64532-22-5 | C7H8N2O3 |
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2-甲基-4-甲胺基嘧啶 | N<sup>4</sup>-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine | 1004-18-8 | C5H8N4 |
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2-甲基-4-氨基嘧啶-5-腈 | 2-methyl-4-amino-5-cyanopyrimidine | 698-29-3 | C6H6N4 |
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2-甲基-4-氨基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 4-Amino-5-carboxy-2-methyl-pyrimidin | 769-52-8 | C6H7N3O2 |
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2-甲基-4-氨基嘧啶 | 2-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 74-69-1 | C5H7N3 |
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2-甲基-4-氨基-6-氯嘧啶 | 4-amino-6-chloro-2-methylpyrimidine | 1749-68-4 | C5H6ClN3 |
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2-甲基-4-嘧啶甲醛 | 2-methylpyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 1004-17-7 | C6H6N2O |
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2-甲基-4-嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 76240-14-7 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2-甲基-4-乙基-6-羟基嘧啶 | 6-ethyl-2-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone | 52421-75-7 | C7H10N2O |
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2-甲基-4-三氟甲基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-methyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 149771-24-4 | C7H5F3N2O2 |
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2-甲基-4-(三氟甲基)嘧啶 | 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 149771-18-6 | C6H5F3N2 |
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2-甲基-4-(2-噻吩基)嘧啶 | 2-methyl-4-(2-thienyl)pyrimidine | 154321-62-7 | C9H8N2S |
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2-甲基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 2-methyl-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine | 1194-22-5 | C5H6N2O2 |
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2-甲基-4,6-二氯嘧啶-5-甲腈 | 4,6-dichloro-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile | 76574-36-2 | C6H3Cl2N3 |
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2-甲基-4,6-二氯-5-硝基嘧啶 | 4,6-dichloro-2-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine | 13162-43-1 | C5H3Cl2N3O2 |
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2-甲基-3-嘧啶-2-基丙酸 | 2-Methyl-3-(pyrimidin-2-YL)propanoic acid | 819850-14-1 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2-甲基-3-嘧啶-2-基丙酸 | 2-Methyl-3-(pyrimidin-4-YL)propanoic acid | 819850-15-2 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2-甲基-2-庚醇 | 2-Methyl-2-heptanol | 625-25-2 | C8H18O |
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2-环丙氨基-4-嘧啶甲醛 | 2-Cyclopropylamino-pyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 948549-74-4 | C8H9N3O |
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2-环丙基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 648423-79-4 | C8H8N2O2 |
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2-环丙基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 954226-60-9 | C8H8N2O |
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2-环丙基嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-cyclopropyl-4-hydroxy-pyrimidine | 74649-06-2 | C7H8N2O |
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2-环丙基嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-amine | 265324-26-3 | C7H9N3 |
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2-环丙基嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 948549-81-3 | C8H8N2O |
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2-环丙基-嘧啶-5-醇 | 2-cyclopropylpyrimidin-5-ol | 73901-41-4 | C7H8N2O |
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2-环丙基-5-嘧啶羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 648423-77-2 | C10H12N2O2 |
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2-环丙基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)嘧啶 | 2-Cyclopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1375301-91-9 | C13H19BN2O2 |
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2-环丙基-4-二甲氧基甲基嘧啶 | 2-cyclopropyl-4-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine | 914348-07-5 | C10H14N2O2 |
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2-环丁基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷 | 2-cyclobutyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane | 1360914-08-4 | C10H19BO2 |
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2-溴嘧啶-4-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 2-bromopyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 1209459-78-8 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
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2-溴嘧啶-4-甲腈 | 2-bromopyrimidine-4-carbonitrile | 1209459-16-4 | C5H2BrN3 |
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2-溴嘧啶 | 2-bromopyrimidine | 4595-60-2 | C4H3BrN2 |
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2-溴-6-甲酰基-4-甲基-4H-噻吩并[3,2-B]吡咯-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-bromo-6-formyl-4-methyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate | 1221186-55-5 | C11H10BrNO3S |
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