嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2,4,6-三氯嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | Ethyl 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 87848-14-4 | C7H5Cl3N2O2 |
|
2,4,6-三氯嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trichloro-pyrimidine | 3764-01-0 | C4HCl3N2 |
|
2,4,6-三氯吡啶-3-甲醛 | 2,4,6-trichloropyridine-3-carbaldehyde | 1261269-66-2 | C6H2Cl3NO |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-硝基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trichloro-5-nitropyrimidine | 4359-87-9 | C4Cl3N3O2 |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trichloro-5-methoxypyrimidine | 60703-46-0 | C5H3Cl3N2O |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-甲基嘧啶 | 5-methyl-2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine | 1780-36-5 | C5H3Cl3N2 |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-氰基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 3029-64-9 | C5Cl3N3 |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-氟嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine | 6693-08-9 | C4Cl3FN2 |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-异丙基嘧啶 | 5-isopropyl-2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine | 1780-42-3 | C7H7Cl3N2 |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-嘧啶羧酸 | 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 93416-51-4 | C5HCl3N2O2 |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 50270-27-4 | C5HCl3N2O |
|
2,4,6-三氯-5-乙基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trichloro-5-ethylpyrimidine | 1780-38-7 | C6H5Cl3N2 |
|
2,4,6-三氨基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-triamino pyrimidine | 1004-38-2 | C4H7N5 |
|
2,4,6-三氨基-5-硝基嘧啶 | 5-Nitro-2,4,6-triamino-pyrimidin | 24867-36-5 | C4H6N6O2 |
|
2,4,6-三氨基-5-嘧啶甲腈 | 2,4,6-triamino-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 465531-97-9 | C5H6N6 |
|
2,4,6-三氟嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine | 696-82-2 | C4HF3N2 |
|
2,4,6-三氟-5-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trifluoro-5-methylpyrimidine | 18260-60-1 | C5H3F3N2 |
|
2,4,6-三氟-5-氯嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trifluoro-5-chloropyrimidine | 697-83-6 | C4ClF3N2 |
|
2,4,6-三叔丁基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyrimidine | 67490-21-5 | C16H28N2 |
|
2,4,6,8-四羟基嘧啶并[5,4-D]嘧啶 | 2,4,6,8-tetrahydroxypyrimidine-[5,4-d]pyrimidine | 6713-54-8 | C6H4N4O4 |
|
2,4,6,8-四氯嘧啶并[5,4-d]嘧啶 | 2,4,6,8-Tetrachloro-pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine | 32980-71-5 | C6Cl4N4 |
|
2,4,5-三氯嘧啶 | 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine | 5750-76-5 | C4HCl3N2 |
|
2,4,5-三氯-7H-吡咯[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 2,4,5-trichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 1053228-28-6 | C6H2Cl3N3 |
|
2,4,5-三氯-6-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4,5-trichloro-6-methylpyrimidine | 6554-69-4 | C5H3Cl3N2 |
|
2,4,5-三氨基嘧啶硫酸盐 | pyrimidine-2,4,5-triyltriamine; sulfate | 90586-67-7 | C4H7N5*H2O4S |
|
2,4,5-三氨基嘧啶 | pyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine | 3546-50-7 | C4H7N5 |
|
2,4,5-三氨基-6-羟基嘧啶硫酸盐 | 2,4,5-triamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine sulfate | 35011-47-3 | C4H7N5O*H2O4S |
|
2,4,5-三氨基-6-氯嘧啶盐酸盐 | 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine hydrochloride | 155824-29-6 | C4H7Cl2N5 |
|
2,4,5-三氨基-6-氯嘧啶 | 6-chloropyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine | 1194-78-1 | C4H6ClN5 |
|
2,4,5-三氟嘧啶 | 2,4,5-Trifluoropyrimidine | 17573-79-4 | C4HF3N2 |
|
2,4,5,6-四氯嘧啶 | 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlor-pyridin | 14121-36-9 | C5HCl4N |
|
2,4,5,6-四氯嘧啶 | 2,4,5,6-tetrachloropyrimidine | 1780-40-1 | C4Cl4N2 |
|
2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶硫酸盐 | 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate | 5392-28-9 | C4H8N6*H2O4S |
|
2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶盐酸盐 | 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine dihydrochloride | 39944-62-2 | C4H8N6*2ClH |
|
2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶双盐酸盐 | Pyrimidine-2,4,5,6-tetraamine dihydrochloride | 52980-67-3 | C4H10Cl2N6 |
|
2,4,5,6-四氨基嘧啶 | 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine | 1004-74-6 | C4H8N6 |
|
2,4,5,6-四氟嘧啶 | 2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyrimidine | 767-79-3 | C4F4N2 |
|
2,4'-双嘧啶-2'-胺 | [2,4'-Bipyrimidin]-2'-amine | 1269291-45-3 | C8H7N5 |
|
2,3-二氢-4-氨基嘧啶 | 2,3-Dihydropyrimidin-4-amine | 19408-86-7 | C4H7N3 |
|
2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-八氢-1-(苯甲基)-嘧啶并[1,2-Alpha]氮杂卓氯化物 | 1-benzyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-1-ium chloride | 49663-94-7 | C16H23N2*Cl |
|
2,2-二甲基丁烷-1,4-二醇 | 2,2-dimethylbutane-1,4-diol | 32812-23-0 | C6H14O2 |
|
2,2'-联噻吩-5,5'-二硼酸二(频哪醇)酯 | 5,5'-di(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)-2,2'-bithiophene | 239075-02-6 | C20H28B2O4S2 |
|
2'-氟-5-甲基阿拉伯糖基尿嘧啶 | 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine | 69256-17-3 | C10H13FN2O5 |
|
2'-(三氟甲基)-2,4'-双嘧啶 | 2'-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,4'-bipyrimidine | 1269292-51-4 | C9H5F3N4 |
|
2 2'-联嘧啶 | 2,2'-Bipyrimidine | 34671-83-5 | C8H6N4 |
|
2 - (甲硫基)-5 - (三正丁基锡)嘧啶 | 2-methylthio-5-tributylstannylpyrimidine | 120717-37-5 | C17H32N2SSn |
|
1H-嘧啶-2-胺 | 1H-perimidin-2-amine | 28832-64-6 | C11H9N3 |
|
1H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-胺 | 7-aminopyrazolo<4,3-d>pyrimidine | 13877-56-0 | C5H5N5 |
|
1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶-4-醇单钠盐 | allopurinol sodium | 17795-21-0 | C5H4N4O*Na |
|
1H-吡唑并[3,4-D]嘧啶-4,6-二胺 | 2,4-Diamino-7H-pyrazolo<3,4-d>pyrimidine | 5413-80-9 | C5H6N6 |
|