嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7-氯吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 61098-37-1 | C9H8ClN3O2 |
| 7-氯吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate | 749216-54-4 | C9H8ClN3O2 |
| 7-氯吡唑并[1,5-A]嘧啶 | 7-chloropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 58347-49-2 | C6H4ClN3 |
| 7-氯-5-甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 7-Chloro-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 16082-27-2 | C7H6ClN3 |
| 7-氯-3-甲基异噻唑并[4,5-D]嘧啶 | 7-Chloro-3-methylisoxazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine | 1207176-14-4 | C6H4ClN3O |
| 7-氯-3-甲基吡唑[4,3-D]并嘧啶 | 7-chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo<4,3-d>pyrimidine | 5399-95-1 | C6H5ClN4 |
| 7-氯-2,5-二甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 7-chloro-2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 136549-13-8 | C8H8ClN3 |
| 7-氯-1-甲基-1H-吡唑[4,3-D]嘧啶 | 7-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine | 923282-39-7 | C6H5ClN4 |
| 7-氮杂吲哚-5-羧酸 | 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid | 754214-42-1 | C8H6N2O2 |
| 7-氨基咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-7-amine | 462651-80-5 | C6H6N4 |
| 7-氨基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate | 1196153-97-5 | C9H10N4O2 |
| 7-氨基-吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3,6-二甲腈 | 7-amino-3,6-dicyanopyrazolo<1,5-a>pyrimidine | 119270-27-8 | C8H4N6 |
| 7-氨基-3-甲基吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶 | 3-methyl-1(2)<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[4,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-7-ylamine | 7057-22-9 | C6H7N5 |
| 7-氨基-2-甲基硫代噻唑嘧啶-6-羧酸乙酯 | 5-Amino-6-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylthio-1,2,4-triazolo<1,5-a>pyrimidine | 90559-98-1 | C9H11N5O2S |
| 7-氟-1-异喹啉酮 | 7-fluoroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one | 410086-27-0 | C9H6FNO |
| 7-(三氟甲基)咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 375857-66-2 | C7H4F3N3 |
| 6-苯甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-1H-哌啶并[4,3-D]2,4-二嘧啶酮 | 6-benzyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | 135481-57-1 | C14H15N3O2 |
| 6-苯基嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 4-phenylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid | 74647-39-5 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 6-苯基-4-嘧啶羧酸 | 6-phenylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 28668-32-8 | C11H8N2O2 |
| 6-苯基-3H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-酮 | 6-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-thieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-one | 35970-78-6 | C12H8N2OS |
| 6-苯基-2-硫尿嘧啶 | 6-phenyl-2-thiouracil | 36822-11-4 | C10H8N2OS |
| 6-苄氧甲基-4-羟基嘧啶 | 6-benzyloxymethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrimidine | 188177-37-9 | C12H12N2O2 |
| 6-苄基-2-硫脲嘧啶 | 6-benzyl-2-thiouracil | 6336-50-1 | C11H10N2OS |
| 6-肼基嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮 | 6-hydrazinouracil | 893631-08-8 | C4H6N4O2 |
| 6-羟基嘧啶-4-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 7399-93-1 | C6H6N2O3 |
| 6-羟基嘧啶-4-羧酰胺 | 6-oxo-1H-pyrimidine-4-carboxamide | 98024-63-6 | C5H5N3O2 |
| 6-羟基-5-甲基嘧啶-4-羧酸 | 6-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 1159010-94-2 | C6H6N2O3 |
| 6-羟基-4-嘧啶甲酸 | 6-hydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 6299-87-2 | C5H4N2O3 |
| 6-羟基-2-(丙基硫代)-4(3h)-嘧啶酮 | 4,6-dihydroxy-2-(propylsulfanyl)pyrimidine | 145783-12-6 | C7H10N2O2S |
| 6-羟基-2,4,5-三氨基嘧啶 | 2,5,6-triamino-4-hydroxypyrimidine | 1004-75-7 | C4H7N5O |
| 6-碘尿嘧啶 | 6-iodouracil | 4269-94-7 | C4H3IN2O2 |
| 6-甲酰-2-硫代尿嘧啶 | 6-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 16953-46-1 | C5H4N2O2S |
| 6-甲硫基嘧啶并[5,4-D]嘧啶-4(1H)-酮 | 6-(methylthio)pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol | 98550-19-7 | C7H6N4OS |
| 6-甲氨基尿嘧啶 | 6-methylaminouracil | 34284-87-2 | C5H7N3O2 |
| 6-甲氨基-1,3-二甲基脲嘧啶 | 1,3-dimethyl-6-methylamino-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 5770-42-3 | C7H11N3O2 |
| 6-甲氧基-4-嘧啶羧酸 | 6-methoxypyrimidine-4-carboxylic Acid | 38214-45-8 | C6H6N2O3 |
| 6-甲氧基-2-甲硫基-4-氯嘧啶 | 4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine | 89466-42-2 | C6H7ClN2OS |
| 6-甲氧基-2,6-二甲基庚醛 | (±)-6-methoxy-2,6-dimethylheptanal | 62439-41-2 | C10H20O2 |
| 6-甲基尿嘧啶 | 6-Methyluracil | 626-48-2 | C5H6N2O2 |
| 6-甲基嘧啶-4-羧酸 | 6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 138538-42-8 | C6H6N2O2 |
| 6-甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-羧酸 | 6-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid | 869941-96-8 | C8H7N3O2 |
| 6-甲基-5-氰基-4-氨基嘧啶 | 4-amino-6-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 76574-44-2 | C6H6N4 |
| 6-甲基-5-丙基-4(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 5-Propyl-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-one | 103980-68-3 | C8H12N2O |
| 6-甲基-4-羟基-2-甲硫基嘧啶 | 6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one | 6328-58-1 | C6H8N2OS |
| 6-甲基-4-甲氧基-2-甲磺酰基嘧啶 | 2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidine | 57268-32-3 | C7H10N2O3S |
| 6-甲基-4-甲氧基-2-甲硫基嘧啶 | 4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidine | 55749-33-2 | C7H10N2OS |
| 6-甲基-3H-噻吩[2,3-D]嘧啶-4-酮 | 6-methyl-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol | 108831-66-9 | C7H6N2OS |
| 6-甲基-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-酮 | 5-Methyl-2H-pyrido<1.2-a>pyrimidinon-(2) | 16075-68-6 | C9H8N2O |
| 6-甲基-2-苯基嘧啶-4-酮 | 6-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one | 13514-79-9 | C11H10N2O |
| 6-甲基-2-甲硫基-4-氯嘧啶 | 4-chloro-6-methyl-2-methylthiopyrimidine | 17119-73-2 | C6H7ClN2S |