嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-二甲氨基嘧啶 | 2-(dimethylamino)pyrimidine | 5621-02-3 | C6H9N3 |
| 2-二甲基氨基嘧啶-5-硼酸 | (2-(dimethylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl)boronic acid | 756817-82-0 | C6H10BN3O2 |
| 2-二甲基氨基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(dimethylamino)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 55551-49-0 | C7H9N3O |
| 2-二甲基氨基-嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-(Dimethylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 180283-66-3 | C7H9N3O2 |
| 2-二乙基氨基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-Ethylaminopyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde | 137279-29-9 | C7H9N3O |
| 2-乙酰氨基-6-苯基-4-嘧啶酮 | 2-Acetamido-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-on | 54286-78-1 | C12H11N3O2 |
| 2-乙酰氨基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 2-acetylamino-6-methylpyridine | 5327-33-3 | C8H10N2O |
| 2-乙酰氨基-5-溴嘧啶 | N-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)acetamide | 180530-15-8 | C6H6BrN3O |
| 2-乙酰氨嘧啶 | 2-acetylaminopyrimidine | 13053-88-8 | C6H7N3O |
| 2-乙酰氧基乙硼酸频哪酯 | 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-YL)ethyl acetate | 177950-06-0 | C10H19BO4 |
| 2-乙酰基嘧啶 | 2-acetylpyrimidine | 53342-27-1 | C6H6N2O |
| 2-乙酰基-1,3-环己二酮 | 2-acetyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione | 4056-73-9 | C8H10O3 |
| 2-乙硫基-5-羟甲基-6-氨基嘧啶 | (2-ethylmercapto-4-amino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-methanol | 98432-26-9 | C7H11N3OS |
| 2-乙硫基-4-羟基-6-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 2-ethylmercapto-6-trifluoromethyl-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one | 657-58-9 | C7H7F3N2OS |
| 2-乙硫基-4-氨基嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | Ethyl-4-amino-2-ethylthio-5-pyrimidin-carboxylat | 778-97-2 | C9H13N3O2S |
| 2-乙烯巯基嘧啶 | 2-vinylthiopyrimidine | 83335-28-8 | C6H6N2S |
| 2-乙氧基嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-ethoxypyrimidin-4-one | 25957-58-8 | C6H8N2O2 |
| 2-乙氧基嘧啶 | 2-ethoxypyrimidine | 3739-82-0 | C6H8N2O |
| 2-乙氧基-5-氟嘧啶 | 2-Ethoxy-5-fluorpyrimidin | 17148-48-0 | C6H7FN2O |
| 2-乙氧基-5-嘧啶胺 | 5-Amino-2-ethoxy-pyrimidin | 73418-86-7 | C6H9N3O |
| 2-乙氧基-4-羟基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 6-methyl-2-etoxy-4(3H)-pyrimidinone | 55996-04-8 | C7H10N2O2 |
| 2-乙氧基-4-羟基-5-氟嘧啶 | 2-Ethoxy-5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one | 56177-80-1 | C6H7FN2O2 |
| 2-乙氧基-4-氨基嘧啶 | 2-ethoxy-pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 3289-48-3 | C6H9N3O |
| 2-乙氧基-4-氟-6-肼基嘧啶 | 2-ethoxy-4-hydrazino-6-fluoropyrimidine | 166524-66-9 | C6H9FN4O |
| 2-乙氧基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 2-ethoxy-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine | 61636-08-6 | C6H8N2O3 |
| 2-乙氧基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 4,6-dichloro-2-ethoxypyrimidine | 40758-65-4 | C6H6Cl2N2O |
| 2-乙氧基-4,6-二氟嘧啶 | 2-ethoxy-4,6-difluoropyrimidine | 166524-65-8 | C6H6F2N2O |
| 2-乙基氨基-嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-(ethylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 946706-58-7 | C7H9N3O2 |
| 2-乙基巯基-4-氨基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 4-amino-2-ethylsulfanylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 89853-87-2 | C7H9N3O2S |
| 2-乙基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-propyl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 72790-17-1 | C8H10N2O2 |
| 2-乙基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-ethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 72790-16-0 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 2-乙基-5-羟基嘧啶 | 2-ethyl-5-pyrimidinol | 90339-11-0 | C6H8N2O |
| 2-乙基-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 2-ethylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 205518-89-4 | C7H8N2O |
| 2-乙基-4-乙氧基-6-羟基嘧啶 | 6-ethoxy-2-ethyl-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one | 38249-44-4 | C8H12N2O2 |
| 2-乙基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 2-ethylpyrimidine-4,6-diol | 3709-98-6 | C6H8N2O2 |
| 2-乙基-3H-嘧啶-4-酮 | 2-ethyl-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one | 14331-50-1 | C6H8N2O |
| 2-丙酮,1-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二苯基甲硅烷基]氧代]- | 1-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2-propanone | 118171-02-1 | C19H24O2Si |
| 2-丙基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-Propylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 876890-38-9 | C8H10N2O |
| 2-三氟甲基嘧啶-5-胺 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-5-amine | 73418-87-8 | C5H4F3N3 |
| 2-三氟甲基嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 304693-64-9 | C8H7F3N2O2 |
| 2-三氟甲基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 4-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 306960-74-7 | C7H5F3N2O2 |
| 2-三氟甲基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 304693-66-1 | C6H3F3N2O |
| 2-三氟甲基嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 672-42-4 | C5H4F3N3 |
| 2-三氟甲基嘧啶-4-甲酸 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 878742-59-7 | C6H3F3N2O2 |
| 2-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 116470-67-8 | C5H3F3N2 |
| 2-三氟甲基-5-羟基嘧啶 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-5-ol | 100991-09-1 | C5H3F3N2O |
| 2-三氟甲基-5-硝基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 4,6-dichloro-5-nitro-2-trifluoro-methyl-pyrimidine | 715-46-8 | C5Cl2F3N3O2 |
| 2-三氟甲基-5-氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 4,6-Dichlor-5-amino-2-trifluormethylpyrimidin | 2344-17-4 | C5H2Cl2F3N3 |
| 2-三氟甲基-4-甲基嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 306960-67-8 | C9H9F3N2O2 |
| 2-三氟甲基-4-氯嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 720-01-4 | C8H6ClF3N2O2 |