嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-(甲硫基)-4,6-二氯-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 4,6-dichloro-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine-5-carboxyaldehyde | 33097-11-9 | C6H4Cl2N2OS |
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2-(甲基磺酰基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 2-(methylsulfonyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 598298-12-5 | C7H6N2O2S2 |
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2-(甲基硫代)-5-甲基嘧啶-4(1H)-酮 | S<sup>2</sup>-Methyl-2-thiothymine | 20651-30-3 | C6H8N2OS |
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2-(甲基硫代)-4-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-trifluoromethyl-2-methylthio-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate | 149771-12-0 | C9H9F3N2O2S |
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2-(氯甲基)嘧啶-4(3H)-酮 | 4-hydroxy-2-chloromethylpyrimidine | 944905-88-8 | C5H5ClN2O |
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2-(氯甲基)嘧啶 | 2-chloromethylpyrimidine | 54198-88-8 | C5H5ClN2 |
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2-(氯甲基)-5-甲基嘧啶 | 2-(chloromethyl)-5-methylpyrimidine | 126504-85-6 | C6H7ClN2 |
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2-(氯甲基)-4-甲基嘧啶 | 2-(chloromethyl)-4-methylpyrimidine | 78060-44-3 | C6H7ClN2 |
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2-(氯甲基)-4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶 | 2-(chloromethyl)-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine | 114108-86-0 | C7H9ClN2O2 |
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2-(氯甲基)-4,6-二甲基嘧啶 | 2-(Chloromethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine | 74502-83-3 | C7H9ClN2 |
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2-(氮杂环丁烷-1)-5-溴-嘧啶 | 2-(azetidin-1-yl)-5-bromo-pyrimidine | 850349-22-3 | C7H8BrN3 |
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2-(噻吩-2-基)嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-ol | 125903-92-6 | C8H6N2OS |
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2-(嘧啶-5-基)苯甲醛 | 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)benzaldehyde | 640769-71-7 | C11H8N2O |
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2-(嘧啶-5-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)acetate | 6214-48-8 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2-(嘧啶-4-基)乙醇 | 2-(pyrimidin-4-yl)ethan-1-ol | 68121-32-4 | C6H8N2O |
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2-(嘧啶-4-基)乙腈 | 2-(pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile | 794522-90-0 | C6H5N3 |
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2-(嘧啶-4-基)丙二酸二甲酯 | Dimethyl 2-(pyrimidin-4-YL)malonate | 86761-91-3 | C9H10N2O4 |
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2-(嘧啶-2-基)丙二酸二乙酯 | diethyl 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)malonate | 164296-40-6 | C11H14N2O4 |
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2-(哌啶-4-甲基)嘧啶 | 2-piperidin-4-ylmethylpyrimidine | 811812-60-9 | C10H15N3 |
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2-(哌啶-4-基氧代)嘧啶 | 2-(piperidin-4-yloxy)pyrimidine | 499240-48-1 | C9H13N3O |
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2-(哌啶-4-基)嘧啶 | 4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperidine | 151389-25-2 | C9H13N3 |
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2-(哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-硼酸嚬哪醇酯 | 2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1015242-08-6 | C15H24BN3O2 |
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2-(哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-Piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 149806-11-1 | C10H13N3O |
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2-(吡咯烷-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 937796-10-6 | C9H11N3O |
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2-(二甲氨基)-6-(三氟甲基)-4-嘧啶甲醇 | 2-dimethylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-6-pyrimidinol | 55545-80-7 | C7H8F3N3O |
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2-(二甲氨基)-4(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 2-Dimethylamino-4-hydroxy-pyrimidin | 1635-28-5 | C6H9N3O |
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2-(二甲基氨基)嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PYRIMIDINE-4-CARBOXALDEHYDE | 872707-78-3 | C7H9N3O |
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2-(乙基硫代)嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-ethylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 54308-63-3 | C6H9N3S |
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2-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 306960-77-0 | C6H3F3N2O2 |
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2-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-4-甲酰胺 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide | 914348-10-0 | C6H4F3N3O |
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2-(P-甲氧苄基)氨基嘧啶 | N-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 6957-21-7 | C12H13N3O |
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2-(5-溴嘧啶)-乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)acetate | 1134327-91-5 | C8H9BrN2O2 |
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2-(5-氟-1-(2-氟苄基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-B]吡啶-3-基)嘧啶-4,5,6-三胺 | 2-[5-fluoro-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidine-4,5,6-triamine | 1350653-30-3 | C17H14F2N8 |
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2-(4-苯磺酰氯)嘧啶 | 4-pyrimidin-2-ylbenzenesulfonyl chloride | 912569-53-0 | C10H7ClN2O2S |
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2-(4-硝基苯氧基)嘧啶 | 4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)aniline | 181801-29-6 | C10H7N3O3 |
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2-(4-硝基苯基)-咪唑[1,2-a]并嘧啶 | 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 28266-96-8 | C12H8N4O2 |
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2-(4-癸羟苯基)-5-辛嘧啶 | 2-(4-decyloxyphenyl)-5-octylpyrimidine | 57202-52-5 | C28H44N2O |
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2-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)嘧啶-5-胺 | 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine | 943757-74-2 | C9H15N5 |
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2-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪)-4-嘧啶胺 | 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 57005-71-7 | C9H15N5 |
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2-(4-甲基-1-哌啶)-乙胺 | 2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-amine | 14156-95-7 | C8H18N2 |
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2-(4-溴苯基)嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidin-4-one | 88627-12-7 | C10H7BrN2O |
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2-(4-溴苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 2-(4-bromophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 56921-85-8 | C12H8BrN3 |
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2-(4-溴-1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶 | 2-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine | 857641-46-4 | C7H5BrN4 |
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2-(4-氯苯基)嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 928713-84-2 | C11H7ClN2O |
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2-(4-氯嘧啶-5-基)乙酸 | 4-chloro-5-carboxymethylpyrimidine | 389799-46-6 | C6H5ClN2O2 |
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2-(4-异氰基苯基)嘧啶 | 2-(4-Isocyanatophenyl)pyrimidine | 216059-84-6 | C11H7N3O |
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2-(4-吡啶基)-4-氨基嘧啶 | 2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-pyrimidinamine | 61310-29-0 | C9H8N4 |
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2-(4-吗啡啉基)嘧啶-5-硼酸嚬哪醇酯 | 4-(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine | 957198-30-0 | C14H22BN3O3 |
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2-(4-吗啉基)-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 842974-69-0 | C9H11N3O2 |
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2-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-硫代)丁酸 | 2-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-butyric acid | 433242-64-9 | C10H14N2O2S |
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