嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-异丙基嘧啶-5-醇 | 5-hydroxy-2-iso-propyl-pyrimidine | 66739-84-2 | C7H10N2O |
| 2-异丙基-嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(2-propyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde | 312263-48-2 | C8H10N2O |
| 2-异丙基-4-嘧啶羧酸 | 2-Isopropylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 1060817-57-3 | C8H10N2O2 |
| 2-异丙基-4-嘧啶甲醛 | 2-isopropylpyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 944901-13-7 | C8H10N2O |
| 2-异丙基-4,6-二甲基-5-嘧啶醇 | 2-isopropyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol | 88070-33-1 | C9H14N2O |
| 2-巯基嘧啶 | 2-sulfanylpyrimidine | 131242-36-9 | C4H4N2S |
| 2-巯基-6-正丙基嘧啶-4-醇 | 6-butyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one | 53939-84-7 | C8H12N2OS |
| 2-巯基-5-正丙烷基嘧啶 | 2-mercapto-5-n-propylpyrimidine | 52767-84-7 | C7H10N2S |
| 2-巯基-4-甲基嘧啶盐酸盐 | 2-mercapto-4-methylpyrimidine hydrochloride | 6959-66-6 | C5H7N2S*Cl |
| 2-巯基-4-氨基嘧啶-5-腈 | 4-Amino-5-cyano-2-mercapto-pyrimidin | 16462-26-3 | C5H4N4S |
| 2-巯基-4-氨基-7H-吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-thiol | 98198-24-4 | C6H6N4S |
| 2-巯基-4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶 | 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-thiol | 57235-35-5 | C6H8N2O2S |
| 2-巯基-4,6-二甲基嘧啶钠盐 | sodium 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thiolate | 41840-27-1 | C6H7N2S*Na |
| 2-巯基-4,5-二氨基嘧啶 | 4,5-diamino-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2-thione | 14623-58-6 | C4H6N4S |
| 2-巯基-4,5,6-三氨基嘧啶 | 4,5,6-triamino-2-mercapto-pyrimidine | 1073-99-0 | C4H7N5S |
| 2-对硝基苯甲基-4,6-二氯-5-嘧啶乙酸甲酯 | methyl [4,6-dichloro-2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-5-pyrimidinyl]acetate | 780763-92-0 | C14H11Cl2N3O4 |
| 2-四氢呋喃-2-乙醇 | (2-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethanol) | 33606-34-7 | C6H12O2 |
| 2-噻吩-2-嘧啶-5-羰酰氯 | 2-(Thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbonyl chloride | 946409-25-2 | C9H5ClN2OS |
| 2-噻吩-2-嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-(Thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 916766-97-7 | C9H6N2O2S |
| 2-噻吩-2-嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 921939-12-0 | C9H6N2OS |
| 2-嘧啶胺 | 2-Amino-4-styryl-pyrimidin | 125404-04-8 | C12H11N3 |
| 2-嘧啶羰酰氯 | pyrimidine-2-carbonyl chloride | 220769-83-5 | C5H3ClN2O |
| 2-嘧啶羧酸,4,6-二甲基-(6CI,9CI) | 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid | 60420-76-0 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 2-嘧啶羧酸 | pyrimidine-2-carbohydrazide | 87362-28-5 | C5H6N4O |
| 2-嘧啶羧酰胺 | pyrimidine-2-carboxamide | 88511-48-2 | C5H5N3O |
| 2-嘧啶磺酰氯 | pyrimidine-2-sulfonyl chloride | 220548-03-8 | C4H3ClN2O2S |
| 2-嘧啶硫代乙酸 | 2-(carboxymethylthio)pyrimidine | 88768-45-0 | C6H6N2O2S |
| 2-嘧啶甲醛肟 | syn-Pyrimidin-2-aldoxim | 39232-40-1 | C5H5N3O |
| 2-嘧啶甲醛 | pyrimidine-2-carbaldehyde | 27427-92-5 | C5H4N2O |
| 2-嘧啶甲酸甲酯 | pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 34253-03-7 | C6H6N2O2 |
| 2-嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl pyrimidine-2-carboxylate | 42839-08-7 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 2-嘧啶乙醇 | 2-pyrimidin-2-ylethanol | 114072-02-5 | C6H8N2O |
| 2-嘧啶乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)acetate | 63155-11-3 | C8H10N2O2 |
| 2-嘧啶乙腈 | 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)acetonitrile | 59566-45-9 | C6H5N3 |
| 2-哌啶嘧啶 | 2-(piperidine-1-yl)pyrimidine | 51957-36-9 | C9H13N3 |
| 2-吡啶-4-嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid | 259807-47-1 | C10H7N3O2 |
| 2-吡啶-3-基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 933988-20-6 | C10H7N3O2 |
| 2-吡咯烷-1-嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-Pyrrolidin-1-ylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 253315-06-9 | C9H11N3O2 |
| 2-吗啉基-4-羟基嘧啶 | 2-morpholinopyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 19810-79-8 | C8H11N3O2 |
| 2-吗啉基-4-基-嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 2-Morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 944900-35-0 | C9H11N3O2 |
| 2-吗啉基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 4,6-dichloro-2-(morpholine-4-yl)pyrimidine | 10397-13-4 | C8H9Cl2N3O |
| 2-吗啉嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-morpholinopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 253315-05-8 | C9H11N3O3 |
| 2-吗啉嘧啶-4,6-二醇 | 2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidine-4,6-diol | 24193-00-8 | C8H11N3O3 |
| 2-吗啉-4-嘧啶-5-胺 | 2-morpholinopyrimidin-5-amine | 65735-68-4 | C8H12N4O |
| 2-吗啉-4,6-二氟嘧啶 | 2-morpholino-4,6-difluoropyrimidine | 189003-02-9 | C8H9F2N3O |
| 2-叔丁基嘧啶-5-醇 | 2-(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-5-hydroxypyrimidine | 85929-96-0 | C8H12N2O |
| 2-叔丁基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(tert-butyl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 104461-06-5 | C9H12N2O |
| 2-叔丁基嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-t-butyl-3,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrimidine | 42351-88-2 | C8H12N2O |
| 2-叔丁基嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 114362-20-8 | C8H13N3 |
| 2-叔丁基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 4,6-dihydroxy-2-tert-butyl-pyrimidine | 18378-79-5 | C8H12N2O2 |