嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4,5-二溴-6-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 4,5-dibromo-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 785777-94-8 | C5HBr2F3N2 |
| 4,5-二氯嘧啶-2-胺 | 4,5-dichloropyrimidin-2-amine | 403854-21-7 | C4H3Cl2N3 |
| 4,5-二氯嘧啶 | 4,5-dichloropyrimidine | 6554-61-6 | C4H2Cl2N2 |
| 4,5-二氯-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 4,5-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 115093-90-8 | C6H3Cl2N3 |
| 4,5-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶 | 4,5-dichloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine | 83942-10-3 | C5H4Cl2N2 |
| 4,5-二氯-6-甲基-2-(2-吡啶基)嘧啶 | 4,5-dichloro-6-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine | 306935-55-7 | C10H7Cl2N3 |
| 4,5-二氯-6-乙基嘧啶 | 4,5-Dichloro-6-ethylpyrimidine | 115617-41-9 | C6H6Cl2N2 |
| 4,5-二氯-2-(甲硫基)嘧啶 | 4,5-dichloro-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine | 99469-85-9 | C5H4Cl2N2S |
| 4,5-二氨基脲嘧啶 | 5,6-diaminouracil | 3240-72-0 | C4H6N4O2 |
| 4,5-二氨基嘧啶 | 4,5-pyrimidinediamine | 13754-19-3 | C4H6N4 |
| 4,5-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶半硫酸盐 | 4,5-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine hemisulfate | 102783-18-6 | C8H14N8O6S |
| 4,5-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶 | 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine | 1672-50-0 | C4H6N4O |
| 4,5-二氨基-6-硫尿嘧啶 | 2-Hydroxy-4-mercapto-5,6-diamino-pyrimidin | 40848-33-7 | C4H6N4OS |
| 4,5-二氨基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 4,5-Diamino-6-methyl-pyrimidin | 22715-28-2 | C5H8N4 |
| 4,5-二氨基-6-氯嘧啶 | 6-chloro-4,5-diaminopyrimidine | 4316-98-7 | C4H5ClN4 |
| 4,5-二氨基-6-巯基嘧啶 | 4,5-diaminopyrimidine-6(1H)-thione | 2846-89-1 | C4H6N4S |
| 4,5-二氨基-2-硫脲嘧啶 | 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-2-thiopyrimidine | 1004-76-8 | C4H6N4OS |
| 4,5-二氢-5-氧代-吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-甲腈 | 5-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile | 1224288-95-2 | C7H4N4O |
| 4,5,6-三甲基嘧啶-2-胺 | 4,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-2-ylamine | 54568-11-5 | C7H11N3 |
| 4,5,6-三甲基嘧啶-2-硫醇 | 4,5,6-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-2-thioxopyrimidine | 17697-92-6 | C7H10N2S |
| 4,5,6-三氯嘧啶 | 4,5,6-trichloropyrimidine | 1780-27-4 | C4HCl3N2 |
| 4,5,6-三氯-2-甲基嘧啶 | 2-methyl-4,5,6-trichloropyrimidine | 1780-28-5 | C5H3Cl3N2 |
| 4,5,6-三氨基嘧啶 | 4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine | 118-70-7 | C4H7N5 |
| 4,5,6-三氟嘧啶 | 4,5,6-trifluoropyrimidine | 17573-78-3 | C4HF3N2 |
| 4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-3-甲醛 | 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde | 307308-03-8 | C8H10N2O |
| 4,4’-(1,4-丁二氧基)二苯胺 | 4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)butoxy]aniline | 6245-50-7 | C16H20N2O2 |
| 4,4'-双(2-氨基-6-甲基嘧啶基)硫醚 | 4,4'-bis(2-amino-6-methylpyrimidyl)disulfide | 69945-13-7 | C10H12N6S2 |
| 4,4'-二氰基-2,2'-二嘧啶 | 4,4'-dicyano-2,2'-bipyridine | 67491-43-4 | C12H6N4 |
| 4(3H)-嘧啶酮 | pyrimidine-4(3H)-one | 4562-27-0 | C4H4N2O |
| 4(1H)-嘧啶酮,6-羟基-2,5-二甲基- | 4,6-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethylpyrimidin | 1194-74-7 | C6H8N2O2 |
| 4 - (吡啶-2基)嘧啶-2-胺 | 4-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 66521-65-1 | C9H8N4 |
| 3,5-二氯吡啶-2-甲醇 | 3,5-dichloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine | 275383-87-4 | C6H5Cl2NO |
| 3-羟基-8,9,10,11-四氢-7H-环庚基色烯-6-酮 | 3-hydroxy-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta[c]chromen-6-one | 83688-44-2 | C14H14O3 |
| 3-羟基-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶 | 5-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-ol | 186593-14-6 | C6H4F3NO |
| 3-羟基-4-硝基嘧啶 | 4-nitro-pyridin-3-ol | 13505-06-1 | C5H4N2O3 |
| 3-碘异烟酸 | 3-iodo-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid | 57842-10-1 | C6H4INO2 |
| 3-碘-4-氨基吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶 | 4-amino-3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 151266-23-8 | C5H4IN5 |
| 3-硝基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 3-nitroimidazo<1,2-a>pyridimine | 798568-24-8 | C6H4N4O2 |
| 3-硝基吡咯并[1,5-A]嘧啶 | 3-Nitropyrazol<1,5-a>pyrimidin | 55405-64-6 | C6H4N4O2 |
| 3-甲氧基嘧啶-1-氧 | 3-methoxypyridine N-oxide | 14906-61-7 | C6H7NO2 |
| 3-甲氧基嘧啶 | 3-methoxypyridazine | 19064-65-4 | C5H6N2O |
| 3-甲氧基-4-吡啶羧酸 | 3-methoxypyridine-4-carboxylic acid | 654663-32-8 | C7H7NO3 |
| 3-甲氧基-4-[(3-甲氧基苄基)氧基]苯甲醛 | 4-((3-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde | 667412-56-8 | C16H16O4 |
| 3-甲基胞苷盐酸盐 | 3-Methylcytosine hydrochloride | 90009-77-1 | C5H8ClN3O |
| 3-甲基胞嘧啶 | 3-methylcytosine | 4776-08-3 | C5H7N3O |
| 3-甲基异恶唑并[5,4-D]嘧啶-4-胺 | 3-methyl-isoxazolo[5,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 89799-07-5 | C6H6N4O |
| 3-甲基噻嘧啶柠檬酸盐 | 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;1-methyl-2-[(E)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-1,3-diium | 69525-81-1 | C18H24N2O7S |
| 3-甲基-6-甲基氨基尿嘧啶 | 6-methylamino-3-methyluracil | 5759-63-7 | C6H9N3O2 |
| 3-甲基-4-嘧啶羧酸 | 3-methylpyridazine-4-carboxylic acid | 933715-17-4 | C6H6N2O2 |
| 3-甲基-3-庚醇 | 3-methyl-3-heptanol | 5582-82-1 | C8H18O |