嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-嘧啶胺 | 4-amino-2-i-propylpyrimidine | 114362-19-5 | C7H11N3 |
| 2-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)-乙醇 | 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethanol | 176661-75-9 | C6H10N2O |
| 2-(1-吡咯烷基)嘧啶-5-硼酸频哪酯 | 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-5-(4.,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1015242-07-5 | C14H22BN3O2 |
| 2,7-二甲基吡唑(1,5-a)嘧啶-6-羧酸 | 2,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid | 175201-51-1 | C9H9N3O2 |
| 2,6-二甲基嘧啶-4-甲腈 | 2,6-Dimethyl-4-pyrimidinecarbonitrile | 64571-35-3 | C7H7N3 |
| 2,6-二甲基-5-碘-4(3H-)-嘧啶酮 | 5-iodo-2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-ol | 83410-37-1 | C6H7IN2O |
| 2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-羰酰氯 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride | 26830-94-4 | C5HCl3N2O |
| 2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-羧酰胺 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxamide | 98136-42-6 | C5H3Cl2N3O |
| 2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-甲酸甲酯 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 6299-85-0 | C6H4Cl2N2O2 |
| 2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-甲酸 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 16492-28-7 | C5H2Cl2N2O2 |
| 2,6-二氯-N-环丙基-4-嘧啶甲胺 | N-((2,6-Dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)cyclopropanamine | 1289387-98-9 | C8H9Cl2N3 |
| 2,6-二氯-N-乙基-4-嘧啶甲胺 | N-((2,6-Dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)ethanamine | 1289386-58-8 | C7H9Cl2N3 |
| 2,6-二氯-N-(1-甲基乙基)-4-嘧啶甲胺 | N-((2,6-Dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)propan-2-amine | 1289385-44-9 | C8H11Cl2N3 |
| 2,6-二氯-5-硝基嘧啶-4-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 2,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 54368-61-5 | C7H5Cl2N3O4 |
| 2,6-二氯-4-氰基嘧啶 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile | 26293-93-6 | C5HCl2N3 |
| 2,6-二氯-4-正丙基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-6-propylpyrimidine | 89938-07-8 | C7H8Cl2N2 |
| 2,6-二氯-4-嘧啶甲醛 | 2,6-dichloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride | 933746-24-8 | C5H2Cl2N2O |
| 2,6-二氯-4-嘧啶丙酸 | 3-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-6-yl)propionic acid | 212650-39-0 | C7H6Cl2N2O2 |
| 2,6-二氨基-4-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-6-methoxypyrimidine | 3270-97-1 | C5H8N4O |
| 2,6-二氨基-4-氯嘧啶-1-氧化物 | 2,6-Diamino-4-chloropyrimidine 1-oxide | 35139-67-4 | C4H5ClN4O |
| 2,6-二氨基-4-氧代-1,4-二氢-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 2,4-diamino-5-formyl-6-oxo(1H)-pyrimidine | 88075-70-1 | C5H6N4O2 |
| 2,6-二氨基-4-嘧啶羧酸 | 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid | 16490-14-5 | C5H6N4O2 |
| 2,6-二氨基-3-亚硝基嘧啶 | 2,6-diamino-3-nitrosopyridine | 89323-10-4 | C5H6N4O |
| 2,6-二乙氧基-4-嘧啶胺 | 2,6-diethoxypyrimidin-4-amine | 77297-30-4 | C8H13N3O2 |
| 2,5-嘧啶二甲酸 | pyrimidine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid | 127527-24-6 | C6H4N2O4 |
| 2,5-吡啶-二羧酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 2,5-pyridine dicarboxylate | 881-86-7 | C9H9NO4 |
| 2,5-二甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,5-Dimethoxy-pyrimidin | 16290-94-1 | C6H8N2O2 |
| 2,5-二甲氧基-4-胺基嘧啶 | 4-amino-2,5-dimethoxypyrimidine | 6960-17-4 | C6H9N3O2 |
| 2,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基嘧啶 | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxypyrimidine | 370103-23-4 | C6H8N2O3 |
| 2,5-二甲基嘧啶 | 2,5-dimethylpyrimidine | 22868-76-4 | C6H8N2 |
| 2,5-二甲基-嘧啶-4-胺 | 2,5-dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 73-70-1 | C6H9N3 |
| 2,5-二溴嘧啶 | 2,5-dibromopyrimidine | 32779-37-6 | C4H2Br2N2 |
| 2,5-二溴-4-甲基嘧啶 | 2,5-dibromo-4-methyl-pyrimidine | 171408-73-4 | C5H4Br2N2 |
| 2,5-二氯嘧啶 | 2,5-dichloropyrimidine | 22536-67-0 | C4H2Cl2N2 |
| 2,5-二氯-4-甲基嘧啶 | 2,5-dichloro-4-methylpyrimidine | 1192064-63-3 | C5H4Cl2N2 |
| 2,5-二氯-4-氨基嘧啶 | 2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-amine | 89180-51-8 | C4H3Cl2N3 |
| 2,5-二氯-4-乙氧基嘧啶 | 2,5-dichloro-4-ethoxypyrimidine | 1351762-11-2 | C6H6Cl2N2O |
| 2,5-二氨基嘧啶 | pyrimidine-2,5-diamine | 22715-27-1 | C4H6N4 |
| 2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶盐酸盐 | 2,5-Diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine hydrochloride | 56830-58-1 | C4H6N4O2*ClH |
| 2,5-二氨基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine | 40769-69-5 | C4H6N4O2 |
| 2,5-二氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶 | 2,5-diamino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine | 55583-59-0 | C4H4Cl2N4 |
| 2,5,6-三甲基-4-羟基嘧啶 | 2,5,6-trimethylpyrimidin-4-ol | 89943-15-7 | C7H10N2O |
| 2,5,6-三氯-4-嘧啶羧酸甲酯 | 2,5,6-trichloro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 89284-85-5 | C6H3Cl3N2O2 |
| 2,5,6-三氨基-4-吗啉嘧啶 | 2,5,6-triamino-4-morpholinopyrimidine | 56797-24-1 | C8H14N6O |
| 2,4-联苄氧基嘧啶-5-硼酸新戊二醇酯 | 2,4-Bis(benzyloxy)-5-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1072944-91-2 | C23H25BN2O4 |
| 2,4-联苄氧基嘧啶 | 2,4-bis(benzyloxy)pyrimidine | 7306-79-8 | C18H16N2O2 |
| 2,4-氨基嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2,4-Diamino-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid | 18588-61-9 | C5H6N4O2 |
| 2,4-嘧啶二羧酸 | Pyrimidin-2,4-dicarbonsaeure | 37645-41-3 | C6H4N2O4 |
| 2,4-嘧啶二甲腈 | 2,4-Dicyanopyrimidine | 75928-84-6 | C6H2N4 |
| 2,4-双(二甲氨基)嘧啶-6-羧酸 | 2,4-bis(dimethylamino)pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid | 386715-39-5 | C9H14N4O2 |