嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-(二甲基氨基)嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PYRIMIDINE-4-CARBOXALDEHYDE | 872707-78-3 | C7H9N3O |
| 2-(乙基硫代)嘧啶-4-胺 | 2-ethylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamine | 54308-63-3 | C6H9N3S |
| 2-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 306960-77-0 | C6H3F3N2O2 |
| 2-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-4-甲酰胺 | 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide | 914348-10-0 | C6H4F3N3O |
| 2-(P-甲氧苄基)氨基嘧啶 | N-(4-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 6957-21-7 | C12H13N3O |
| 2-(5-溴嘧啶)-乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)acetate | 1134327-91-5 | C8H9BrN2O2 |
| 2-(5-氟-1-(2-氟苄基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-B]吡啶-3-基)嘧啶-4,5,6-三胺 | 2-[5-fluoro-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidine-4,5,6-triamine | 1350653-30-3 | C17H14F2N8 |
| 2-(4-苯磺酰氯)嘧啶 | 4-pyrimidin-2-ylbenzenesulfonyl chloride | 912569-53-0 | C10H7ClN2O2S |
| 2-(4-硝基苯氧基)嘧啶 | 4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)aniline | 181801-29-6 | C10H7N3O3 |
| 2-(4-硝基苯基)-咪唑[1,2-a]并嘧啶 | 2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 28266-96-8 | C12H8N4O2 |
| 2-(4-癸羟苯基)-5-辛嘧啶 | 2-(4-decyloxyphenyl)-5-octylpyrimidine | 57202-52-5 | C28H44N2O |
| 2-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)嘧啶-5-胺 | 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-amine | 943757-74-2 | C9H15N5 |
| 2-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪)-4-嘧啶胺 | 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 57005-71-7 | C9H15N5 |
| 2-(4-甲基-1-哌啶)-乙胺 | 2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-amine | 14156-95-7 | C8H18N2 |
| 2-(4-溴苯基)嘧啶-4-醇 | 2-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrimidin-4-one | 88627-12-7 | C10H7BrN2O |
| 2-(4-溴苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 2-(4-bromophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 56921-85-8 | C12H8BrN3 |
| 2-(4-溴-1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶 | 2-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine | 857641-46-4 | C7H5BrN4 |
| 2-(4-氯苯基)嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 928713-84-2 | C11H7ClN2O |
| 2-(4-氯嘧啶-5-基)乙酸 | 4-chloro-5-carboxymethylpyrimidine | 389799-46-6 | C6H5ClN2O2 |
| 2-(4-异氰基苯基)嘧啶 | 2-(4-Isocyanatophenyl)pyrimidine | 216059-84-6 | C11H7N3O |
| 2-(4-吡啶基)-4-氨基嘧啶 | 2-(4-pyridinyl)-4-pyrimidinamine | 61310-29-0 | C9H8N4 |
| 2-(4-吗啡啉基)嘧啶-5-硼酸嚬哪醇酯 | 4-(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine | 957198-30-0 | C14H22BN3O3 |
| 2-(4-吗啉基)-5-嘧啶甲醛 | 2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 842974-69-0 | C9H11N3O2 |
| 2-(4-(氯甲基)苯基)-5-氟嘧啶 | Pyrimidine, 2-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro- | 1139432-30-6 | C11H8ClFN2 |
| 2-(4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-硫代)丁酸 | 2-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-butyric acid | 433242-64-9 | C10H14N2O2S |
| 2-(4,6-二氯嘧啶-2-基)乙腈 | 2-(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl)acetonitrile | 63155-43-1 | C6H3Cl2N3 |
| 2-(4,6-二氯-2-甲基嘧啶-5-基)乙醛 | (4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)acetaldehyde | 474656-37-6 | C7H6Cl2N2O |
| 2-(4,6-二氨基嘧啶-2-硫代)丁酸 | 2-(4,6-Diamino-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-butyric acid | 436088-61-8 | C8H12N4O2S |
| 2-(3-硝苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 2-(3-nitrophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 134044-50-1 | C12H8N4O2 |
| 2-(3-甲基苯基)-4-氯-6-甲氧甲基嘧啶 | 4-chloro-6-(methoxymethyl)-2-(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidine | 438249-83-3 | C13H13ClN2O |
| 2-(3-溴苯基)嘧啶 | 2-(3-bromophenyl)pyrimidine | 885468-36-0 | C10H7BrN2 |
| 2-(3-溴苯基)-咪唑并[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 2-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 134044-47-6 | C12H8BrN3 |
| 2-(3-吡啶基)-4-氯-6-甲氧甲基嘧啶 | 4-Chloro-6-(Methoxymethyl)-2-(Pyridin-3-Yl)Pyrimidine | 339279-00-4 | C11H10ClN3O |
| 2-(3-吡啶基)-2-丙醇 | 2-(3-pyridinyl)-2-propanol | 15031-77-3 | C8H11NO |
| 2-(3-丁炔-1-基)丙二酸二乙酯 | diethyl 2-(but-3-yn-1-yl)malonate | 117500-15-9 | C11H16O4 |
| 2-(2-甲硫基嘧啶-4-基)丙二醛 | 2-(2'-methylthiopyrimidin-4'-yl)malonaldehyde | 77168-37-7 | C8H8N2O2S |
| 2-(2-甲硫基嘧啶-4-基)-3-氧代丙腈 | 2-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-3-oxopropanenitrile | 1111637-81-0 | C8H7N3OS |
| 2-(2-甲氧基苯基)丙-2-醇 | 2-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanol | 21022-73-1 | C10H14O2 |
| 2-(2-甲基嘧啶-4-基)异烟酸 | 2-(2-Methylpyrimidin-4-yl)isonicotinic acid | 956723-01-6 | C11H9N3O2 |
| 2-(2-甲基嘧啶-4-基)噻唑 | 2-methyl-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrimidine | 1269291-29-3 | C8H7N3S |
| 2-(2-氯嘧啶-5-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate | 917025-00-4 | C8H9ClN2O2 |
| 2-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)乙胺 | 2-chloro-N-ethylpyrimidin-4-amine | 86443-51-8 | C6H8ClN3 |
| 2-(2-氨基-5-嘧啶)苯甲醛 | 2-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)benzaldehyde | 914349-52-3 | C11H9N3O |
| 2-(2-嘧啶基)乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-pyrimidin-2-ylacetate | 60561-50-4 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 2-(2-嘧啶基)丙二酸二甲酯 | dimethyl pyrimidin-2-ylmalonate | 93271-75-1 | C9H10N2O4 |
| 2-(2-嘧啶)-1H-苯并咪唑 | 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole | 18107-02-3 | C11H8N4 |
| 2-(2-呋喃基)-7-(2-苯基乙基)-7H-吡唑并[4,3-e][1,2,4]噻唑并[1,5-c]嘧啶-5-胺 | 2-furan-2-yl-7-phenethyl-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-ylamine | 160098-96-4 | C18H15N7O |
| 2-(1H-2-咪唑)-嘧啶 | 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrimidine | 627910-87-6 | C7H6N4 |
| 2-(1-苯基-1H-5-吡唑基)嘧啶 | 2-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyrimidine | 1269291-79-3 | C13H10N4 |
| 2-(1-甲苯基-1H-5-吡唑基)嘧啶 | 2-(1-(p-Tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyrimidine | 1269292-37-6 | C14H12N4 |