嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6-甲基-2-甲硫基-4-氨基嘧啶 | 6-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 24888-93-5 | C6H9N3S |
| 6-甲基-2-三氟甲基嘧啶-4-醇 | 6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-ol | 2557-79-1 | C6H5F3N2O |
| 6-甲基-2,4-嘧啶二胺 | 6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine | 1791-73-7 | C5H8N4 |
| 6-甲基-2,4-二氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 5-carboxy-6-methyluracil | 51622-67-4 | C6H6N2O4 |
| 6-甲基-2,4-二氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢嘧啶-5-甲腈 | 6-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 5900-40-3 | C6H5N3O2 |
| 6-溴噻吩并[2,3-D]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮 | 6-bromothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ol | 56844-40-7 | C6H3BrN2OS |
| 6-溴嘧啶-4-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 6-bromopyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 1209459-80-2 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
| 6-溴咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 6-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 865156-68-9 | C6H4BrN3 |
| 6-溴吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 6-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate | 1027511-41-6 | C9H8BrN3O2 |
| 6-溴吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-3-羧酸 | 6-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid | 912773-22-9 | C7H4BrN3O2 |
| 6-溴吡唑并[1,5-A]嘧啶-2-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 6-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate | 1005209-42-6 | C9H8BrN3O2 |
| 6-溴吡唑并[1,5-A]嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 6-bromo-pyrazolo[1,5-A]pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid | 300717-72-0 | C7H4BrN3O2 |
| 6-溴吡唑并[1,5-A]-3-氰基嘧啶 | 6-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile | 352637-44-6 | C7H3BrN4 |
| 6-溴H-吡咯并[1,2-F]嘧啶-3-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 6-bromopyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate | 588720-12-1 | C10H9BrN2O2 |
| 6-溴-吡唑[1,5-a]咪唑 | 6-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 705263-10-1 | C6H4BrN3 |
| 6-溴-4-氯噻吩[3,2-D]嘧啶 | 6-bromo-4-chlorothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 225385-03-5 | C6H2BrClN2S |
| 6-溴-4-氯噻吩[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 6-bromo-4-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 56844-12-3 | C6H2BrClN2S |
| 6-溴-4-氯吡啶并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 6-bromo-4-chloropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 1215787-31-7 | C7H3BrClN3 |
| 6-溴-4-氯-7H-吡咯并嘧啶 | 6-bromo-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 784150-41-0 | C6H3BrClN3 |
| 6-溴-4-氨基嘧啶 | 6-bromopyrimidin-4-amine | 1159818-57-1 | C4H4BrN3 |
| 6-溴-3H-咪唑并[4,5-B]嘧啶-2甲醇 | (6-bromo-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)methanol | 172648-19-0 | C7H6BrN3O |
| 6-溴-3-碘-吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 6-bromo-3-iodopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 1109284-33-4 | C6H3BrIN3 |
| 6-溴-2-甲基嘧啶-4-胺 | 4-amino-6-bromo-2-methylpyrimidine | 1161763-15-0 | C5H6BrN3 |
| 6-溴-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶 | 6-bromo-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a] pyrimidine | 1111638-05-1 | C7H6BrN3 |
| 6-溴-2-甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶 | 6-bromo-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 916256-65-0 | C7H6BrN3 |
| 6-溴-2-甲基-1H-苯并[de]异喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮 | 4-bromo-N-methyl-1,8-naphthalimide | 4116-90-9 | C13H8BrNO2 |
| 6-氰基-1-茚酮 | 6-cyano-1-indanone | 69975-66-2 | C10H7NO |
| 6-氯胸腺嘧啶 | 5-methyl-6-chlorouracil | 1627-28-7 | C5H5ClN2O2 |
| 6-氯胞嘧啶 | 4-Chlor-cytosin | 3289-35-8 | C4H4ClN3O |
| 6-氯尿嘧啶 | 6-chlorouracil | 4270-27-3 | C4H3ClN2O2 |
| 6-氯嘧啶-4-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 6-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 51940-63-7 | C7H7ClN2O2 |
| 6-氯嘧啶-4-甲醛 | 6-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde | 933702-16-0 | C5H3ClN2O |
| 6-氯嘧啶-4(3H)-酮 | 6-chloropyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 4765-77-9 | C4H3ClN2O |
| 6-氯嘧啶-3-苯基甲酮 | 3-(6-chloropyridazinyl) phenyl ketone | 146233-32-1 | C11H7ClN2O |
| 6-氯咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-甲醛 | 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbaldehyde | 881841-30-1 | C8H5ClN2O |
| 6-氯咪唑[1,2-A]嘧啶 | 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine | 944906-56-3 | C6H4ClN3 |
| 6-氯吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-2-羧酸 | 6-chloropyrazolo[1,5-A]pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid | 914206-75-0 | C7H4ClN3O2 |
| 6-氯-嘧啶4-甲酰氯 | 6-chloropyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride | 263270-52-6 | C5H2Cl2N2O |
| 6-氯-嘧啶-4-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 6-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 6627-22-1 | C6H5ClN2O2 |
| 6-氯-吡唑并[1,5-A]嘧啶-2-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 6-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate | 1005209-44-8 | C9H8ClN3O2 |
| 6-氯-N-环丙基-2-(甲磺酰基)-4-嘧啶胺 | (6-Chloro-2-methanesulfonyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-cyclopropyl-amine | 1289388-38-0 | C8H10ClN3O2S |
| 6-氯-N-环丙基-2-(甲硫基)-4-嘧啶胺 | 6-Chloro-4-(N-cyclopropylamino)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine | 951884-05-2 | C8H10ClN3S |
| 6-氯-N-乙基-2-(甲磺酰基)-4-嘧啶胺 | (6-Chloro-2-methanesulfonyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-ethyl-amine | 1289386-46-4 | C7H10ClN3O2S |
| 6-氯-N-乙基-2-(甲硫基)-4-嘧啶胺 | 4-chloro-6-ethylamino-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine | 339017-83-3 | C7H10ClN3S |
| 6-氯-N-乙基-2-(甲亚磺酰基)-4-嘧啶胺 | 6-Chloro-N-ethyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)pyrimidin-4-amine | 1289385-39-2 | C7H10ClN3OS |
| 6-氯-N,N-二甲基-5-硝基-4-嘧啶胺 | 4-chloro-6-dimethylamino-5-nitropyrimidine | 54660-12-7 | C6H7ClN4O2 |
| 6-氯-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 6-chloro-pyrrole[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 90994-17-5 | C6H4ClN3 |
| 6-氯-5-甲基嘧啶-4-醇 | 4-Chlor-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-pyrimidin | 18261-42-2 | C5H5ClN2O |
| 6-氯-5-甲基嘧啶-4-胺 | 6-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-amine | 14394-56-0 | C5H6ClN3 |
| 6-氯-5-甲基嘧啶-2(1H)-酮 | 4-Chloro-5-methyl-pyrimidin-2-ol | 101080-24-4 | C5H5ClN2O |