嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-氨基-2-(甲基硫代)嘧啶-5-腈 | 4-amino-5-cyano-2-methylthiopyrimidine | 770-30-9 | C6H6N4S |
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4-氨基-2-(二甲基氨基)-5-嘧啶甲腈 | 4-amino-2-(dimethylamino)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 13593-31-2 | C7H9N5 |
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4-氨基-2-(4-吗啉基)-5-嘧啶甲腈 | 4-Amino-2-morpholino-pyrimidin-5-carbonitril | 78318-43-1 | C9H11N5O |
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4-氨基-2-(3-吡啶基)-5-嘧啶羧酸乙酯 | Ethyl 4-Amino-2-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 1053656-10-2 | C12H12N4O2 |
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4-氨基-2-(1-哌啶基)嘧啶-5-甲腈 | 4-Amino-2-piperidino-5-cyan-pyrimidin | 90973-23-2 | C10H13N5 |
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4-氨基-2-(1-吡咯烷)-5-嘧啶甲腈 | 4-Amino-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 55441-53-7 | C9H11N5 |
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4-氨基-2,6-二羟基嘧啶 | 4-Amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine | 873-83-6 | C4H5N3O2 |
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4-氨基-2,6-二羟基-5-亚硝基嘧啶 | 6-amino-5-nitrosouracil | 5442-24-0 | C4H4N4O3 |
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4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-amine | 3289-50-7 | C6H9N3O2 |
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4-氨基-2,6-二甲基嘧啶 | 4-amino-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine | 461-98-3 | C6H9N3 |
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4-氨基-2,6-二氯嘧啶 | 4-amino-2,6-dichloropyrimidine | 10132-07-7 | C4H3Cl2N3 |
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4-氨基-2,6-二氟嘧啶 | 4-amino-2,6-difluoropyrimidine | 675-12-7 | C4H3F2N3 |
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4-氨基-2,5,6-三氯嘧啶 | 4-amino-2,5,6-trichloropyrimidine | 28969-60-0 | C4H2Cl3N3 |
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4-氨基-2,3,5-三溴嘧啶 | 2,3,5-tribromo-[4]pyridylamine | 861024-31-9 | C5H3Br3N2 |
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4-氨基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-2(3h)-酮 | 4-Amino-2-hydroxy-pyrrolo<2,3-d>pyrimidin | 100047-45-8 | C6H6N4O |
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4-氨基-1-苯基吡唑[3,4-D]嘧啶 | 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | 5334-30-5 | C11H9N5 |
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4-氨基-1-苄基嘧啶-2-酮 | 4-amino-1-benzyl-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 60722-54-5 | C11H11N3O |
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4-氨基-1,1,1-三氟-3-丁烯-2-酮 | 4-amino-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-buten-2-one | 184848-89-3 | C4H4F3NO |
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4-氧代嘧啶并[5,6-b]吲哚 | 5H-pyrimido<5,4-b>indole-4-one | 61553-71-7 | C10H7N3O |
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4-氟嘧啶 | 4-fluoropyrimidine | 31462-55-2 | C4H3FN2 |
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4-氟-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶-6-羧酸 | 4-Fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid | 1016241-81-8 | C7H4FN3O2 |
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4-氟-6-甲氧基嘧啶-2-胺 | 2-amino-4-fluoro-6-methoxypyrimidine | 130687-25-1 | C5H6FN3O |
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4-异硫氰基-2,6-二甲基嘧啶 | 4-Isothiocyanato-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine | 928714-57-2 | C7H7N3S |
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4-异丙基嘧啶-2-胺 | 4-isopropylpyrimidin-2-amine | 5782-70-7 | C7H11N3 |
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4-异丙基-2-甲基嘧啶-5-甲酸 | 4-Isopropyl-2-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 127958-08-1 | C9H12N2O2 |
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4-巯基嘧啶 | 4(3H)-pyrimidinethione | 1450-86-8 | C4H4N2S |
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4-嘧啶羰酰氯 | pyrimidine-4-carbonyl chloride | 184951-32-4 | C5H3ClN2O |
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4-嘧啶甲酸钠盐 | sodium pyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 819850-18-5 | C5H3N2O2*Na |
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4-嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl pyrimidine-4-carboxylate | 62846-82-6 | C7H8N2O2 |
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4-嘧啶甲酸 | pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 31462-59-6 | C5H4N2O2 |
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4-嘧啶甲脒 | Pyrimidine-4-carboximidamide | 738575-71-8 | C5H6N4 |
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4-嘧啶甲胺盐酸盐 | Pyrimidin-4-ylmethanamine dihydrochloride | 618446-08-5 | C5H9Cl2N3 |
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4-嘧啶基-5-苯甲酸乙酯 | 4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)benzoic acid ethyl ester | 82525-18-6 | C13H12N2O2 |
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4-嘧啶基-2-苯胺 | 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)aniline | 69491-57-2 | C10H9N3 |
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4-嘧啶基-2-苯甲酰胺 | 4-pyrimidin-2-ylbenzylamine | 885466-44-4 | C11H11N3 |
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4-嘧啶基-2-苯甲酰氯 | 4-pyrimidin-2-yl-benzoyl chloride | 679806-84-9 | C11H7ClN2O |
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4-嘧啶乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(pyrimidin-4-yl)acetate | 1240606-58-9 | C8H10N2O2 |
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4-嘧啶乙酸 | 2-(pyrimidin-4-yl)acetic acid | 325491-53-0 | C6H6N2O2 |
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4-叔丁基氨基-6-氯嘧啶 | 4-chloro-6-tert-butylaminopyrimidine | 945896-38-8 | C8H12ClN3 |
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4-叔丁基-6-三氟甲基-2-嘧啶胺 | 4-(tert-butyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine | 238742-83-1 | C9H12F3N3 |
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4-叔丁基-2,6-二氯嘧啶 | 4-(tert-butyl)-2,6-dichloropyrimidine | 1037535-38-8 | C8H10Cl2N2 |
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4-二甲氧甲基-2-甲基嘧啶 | 4-(dimethoxymethyl)-2-methylpyrimidine | 175277-33-5 | C8H12N2O2 |
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4-二甲氧甲基-2-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 4-(dimethoxymethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 878760-47-5 | C8H9F3N2O2 |
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4-二甲基氨基嘧啶 | 4-dimethylaminopyrimidine | 31401-45-3 | C6H9N3 |
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4-乙酰氧基甲基苯甲酸 | p-acetoxymethyl benzoic acid | 15561-46-3 | C10H10O4 |
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4-乙炔基嘧啶-2-胺 | 2-amino-4-ethynylpyrimidine | 1207175-18-5 | C6H5N3 |
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4-乙氧基嘧啶 | 4-ethoxy-pyrimidine | 24903-72-8 | C6H8N2O |
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4-乙氧基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 4-ethoxy-6-methylpyrimidine | 4718-50-7 | C7H10N2O |
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4-乙基-5-氟嘧啶 | 4-ethyl-5-fluoropyrimidine | 137234-88-9 | C6H7FN2 |
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4-乙基-2-甲基嘧啶-5-甲酸 | 4-Ethyl-2-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 127958-06-9 | C8H10N2O2 |
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