嘧啶类化合物
嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物，与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键，表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水，碱性较弱，并且不易发生亲电取代反应；仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应，而不具备硝化或磺化的能力，但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中，如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内，有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基：尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶；其中，在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶，而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶，并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外，许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料，嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物，例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时，它们也是农药的重要组成部分，包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外，作为染料的原料，具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性，已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4,6-Diamino-2-methylpyrimidine-5-thiol | 52514-03-1 | C5H8N4S |
| —— | cis-3-tert-Butoxycarbonylaminocyclohex-4-enecarboxylic acid | 933445-55-7 | C12H19NO4 |
| —— | 5-Bromo-2-butoxypyrimidine | 1215206-57-7 | C8H11BrN2O |
| —— | 6-[(2-Methoxyethoxy)amino]-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one | 244105-55-3 | C8H13N3O3 |
| —— | 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)benzaldehyde | 210115-39-2 | C11H8N2O |
| —— | 4-Phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 92084-99-6 | C11H8N2O2 |
| —— | 2',7'-difluorofluorescein-5-carboxylic acid | 195136-52-8 | C21H10F2O7 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2-chloromethylpyrimidine | 944903-00-8 | C5H4BrClN2 |
| —— | 5,6-diamino-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione;sulfate | 42965-55-9 | C4H6N4O6S-2 |
| —— | 5,6-Diaminouracil semisulfate | 63981-35-1 | C8H14N8O8S |
| —— | Pyrimidin-4(5h)-one | 51953-17-4 | C4H4N2O |
| —— | 5-Diazo-uracil | 2435-76-9 | C4H2N4O2 |
| —— | (5-bromo-pyrimidin-2-yl)-tert-butyl-amine | 14001-72-0 | C8H12BrN3 |
| —— | Sodium N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-pyrimidinyl)sulphanilamidate | 2462-17-1 | C12H14N4NaO2S+ |
| —— | 5-bromo-6-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 851608-69-0 | C7H9BrN2O3 |
| —— | 4-(4-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzaldehyde | 433920-95-7 | C12H10N2O |
| —— | 4-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine | 3842-28-2 | C5H4Cl2N2 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-5-chloro-6-(1-fluoroethyl)pyrimidine | 227184-12-5 | C6H6ClFN2O |
| —— | 6-(1-fluoroethyl)-5-iodo-4-pyrimidone | 438449-92-4 | C6H6FIN2O |
| —— | 5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid | 858956-26-0 | C8H7ClN2O3 |
| —— | 5-Acetaminomethyl-4-amin-2-methoxy-pyrimidin | 6965-09-9 | C8H12N4O2 |
| —— | 6-amino-2-mercapto-3H-pyrimidin-4-one monohydrate | 65802-56-4 | C4H7N3O2S |
| —— | cis-1-Methyl-2-<2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)>-Δ<sup>2</sup>-tetrahydropyrimidin-tartrat | 21573-92-2 | C4H6O6*C11H14N2S |
| —— | 5-cyano-4-chloro-6-phenylpyrimidine | 40889-24-5 | C11H6ClN3 |
| —— | 4-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-7-one | 1359869-22-9 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 4-(4-bromo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid | 926212-84-2 | C10H7BrN2O2 |
| —— | 4-Methylpyrimidine-2-thiol HCl | 6959-66-6 | C5H6ClN2S- |
| —— | Pyrimidine-4,6-diammonium hydrogen sulphate (1:2) | 77709-02-5 | C4H8N4O |
| —— | PR-924 | 1416709-79-9 | C37H38N4O5 |
| —— | 4,6-Diamino-2-chlor-pyrimidin | 53557-61-2 | C4H5ClN4 |
| —— | [(3aR,4R,6Z,9R,10Z,11aR)-9-acetyloxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] (E)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)but-2-enoate | 64439-43-6 | C22H28O8 |
| —— | 2-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 878691-37-3 | C11H7ClN2O2 |
| —— | 4,6-dichloro-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 21254-22-8 | C8H8Cl2N4 |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine | 1232223-43-6 | C11H6Cl2N4 |
| —— | 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5,6-dichloropyrimidine | 32265-50-2 | C5H4Cl2N2O |
| —— | 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine-4,6-diamine | 408352-74-9 | C4H4ClN5O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-4-chloro-7-cyclopentyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 717900-59-9 | C11H11BrClN3 |
| —— | Pyrimidin-4-ylamine trihydrochloride | 174500-31-3 | C4H8Cl3N3 |
| —— | 5-Bromo-2-isobutylthiopyrimidine | 1242336-74-8 | C8H11BrN2S |
| —— | 5-(4-Amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl ester | 147126-75-8 | C18H26FN3O4S |
| —— | 3-(5-Aminopyrimidin-4-YL)benzoic acid | 1823245-42-6 | C11H9N3O2 |
| —— | 4,6-dichloro-5-propylpyrimidine | 63797-51-3 | C7H8Cl2N2 |
| —— | 2-(3-(Pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)ethylamine | 910404-93-2 | C12H13N3 |
| —— | 5-chloro-2-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrimidine | 944903-10-0 | C9H12ClN3 |
| —— | (4-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)methanol | 1093880-89-7 | C5H5ClN2O |
| —— | (2-Chloropyrimidin-5-YL)methanesulfonyl chloride | 1196145-67-1 | C5H4Cl2N2O2S |
| —— | 4,6-Dichloro-5-methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine | 204394-78-5 | C10H7Cl2N3 |
| —— | 6-(bromomethyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 920760-21-0 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
| —— | 4-Amino-N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide | 741714-02-3 | C8H12N4O2S |
| —— | Ethyl 5-aminopyrimidine-2-carboxylate | 916056-76-3 | C7H9N3O2 |
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