嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2,4-二氯-5-嘧啶甲醇 | (2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)methanol | 1346537-23-2 | C5H4Cl2N2O |
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2,4-二氯-5-嘧啶甲酸甲酯 | methyl 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 3177-20-6 | C6H4Cl2N2O2 |
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2,4-二氯-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 51940-64-8 | C7H6Cl2N2O2 |
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2,4-二氯-5-嘧啶甲酰氯 | 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonyl chloride | 2972-52-3 | C5HCl3N2O |
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2,4-二氯-5-乙氧基甲基-嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-(ethoxymethyl)pyrimidine | 7627-39-6 | C7H8Cl2N2O |
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2,4-二氯-5-乙氧基嘧啶 | 5-ethoxy-2,4-dichloro-pyrimidine | 280582-25-4 | C6H6Cl2N2O |
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2,4-二氯-5-乙基硫甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-((ethylthio)methyl)pyrimidine | 108141-35-1 | C7H8Cl2N2S |
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2,4-二氯-5-乙基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-ethylpyrimidine | 34171-40-9 | C6H6Cl2N2 |
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2,4-二氯-5-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine | 3932-97-6 | C5HCl2F3N2 |
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2,4-二氯-5-(碘甲基)嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-(iodomethyl)pyrimidine | 7627-44-3 | C5H3Cl2IN2 |
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2,4-二氯-5-(甲磺酰基)嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine | 514842-56-9 | C5H4Cl2N2O2S |
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2,4-二氯-5-(氯甲基)嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine | 7627-38-5 | C5H3Cl3N2 |
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2,4-二氯-5-(三氯甲基)嘧啶 | 2,4-Dichloro-5-trichloromethylpyrimidine | 153600-16-9 | C5HCl5N2 |
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2,4-二氯-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼烷)-嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-boronic acid pinacol ester | 1073354-24-1 | C10H13BCl2N2O2 |
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2,4-二氯-5,6-二甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5,6-dimethylpyrimidine | 1780-32-1 | C6H6Cl2N2 |
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2,4-二氯-5,6-三甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidine | 5466-43-3 | C7H6Cl2N2 |
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2,4-二氯-5,6,8,9-四氢嘧啶并[4,5-d]氮杂卓-7-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 2,4-dichloro-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-7H-pyrimido[4,5-d]azepine-7-carboxylate | 1065114-27-3 | C13H17Cl2N3O2 |
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2,4-二氯-5 硝基嘧啶 | 2,4-Dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine | 49845-33-2 | C4HCl2N3O2 |
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2,4-二氨基嘧啶-5-醇 | 2,4-diamino-pyrimidin-5-ol | 70035-83-5 | C4H6N4O |
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2,4-二氨基嘧啶-5-腈 | 2,4-diamino-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 16462-27-4 | C5H5N5 |
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2,4-二氨基嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde | 20781-06-0 | C5H6N4O |
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2,4-二氨基嘧啶-3-氧化物 | 2,4-DIAMINO PYRIMIDINE-3-OXIDE | 74638-76-9 | C4H6N4O |
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2,4-二氨基嘧啶 | 2,4-diaminopyrimidine | 156-81-0 | C4H6N4 |
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2,4-二氨基-6-羟基嘧啶 | 2,6-diaminopyrimidin-4-ol | 100643-27-4 | C4H6N4O |
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2,4-二氨基-6-羟基-5-亚硝基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-5-nitroso-6-hydroxypyrimidine | 2387-48-6 | C4H5N5O2 |
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2,4-二氨基-6-氯嘧啶 | 6-chloro-pyrimidine-2,4-diyldiamine | 156-83-2 | C4H5ClN4 |
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2,4-二氨基-6-氟嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-6-fluoropyrimidine | 696-83-3 | C4H5FN4 |
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2,4-二氨基-6-巯基嘧啶 | Phenanthro[4,3-b]thiophene | 195-68-6 | C16H10S |
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2,4-二氨基-6-巯基嘧啶 | 2,6-diamino-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4-thione | 56-08-6 | C4H6N4S |
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2,4-二氨基-6-哌啶基嘧啶 | 2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine | 24867-26-3 | C9H15N5 |
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2,4-二氨基-6-乙氧基嘧啶 | 2,4-Diamino-6-ethoxy-pyrimidin | 116436-03-4 | C6H10N4O |
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2,4-二氨基-6-乙基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-6-ethylpyrimidine | 514854-12-7 | C6H10N4 |
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2,4-二氨基-6-(4-氟苯基)嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-pyrimidine | 175137-25-4 | C10H9FN4 |
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2,4-二氨基-5-羟甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrimidine | 42310-45-2 | C5H8N4O |
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2,4-二氨基-5-硝基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-5-nitropyrimidine | 18620-73-0 | C4H5N5O2 |
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2,4-二氨基-5-氨甲基嘧啶 | 5-(aminomethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine | 4458-18-8 | C5H9N5 |
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2,4-二氨在-6-羟基-5-硝基嘧啶 | 2,4-diamino-5-nitro-6-hydroxypyrimidine | 3346-23-4 | C4H5N5O3 |
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2,4-二氟嘧啶 | 2,4-difluoropyrimidine | 2802-61-1 | C4H2F2N2 |
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2,4-二氟-5-三氟甲基-嘧啶 | 2,4-difluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine | 153600-17-0 | C5HF5N2 |
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2,4-二巯基-5,6-二氨基嘧啶 | 4,5-diamino-2,6-dimercaptopyrimidine | 31295-41-7 | C4H6N4S2 |
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2,4-二叔丁氧基-5-溴嘧啶 | 5-bromo-2,4-di(tert-butoxy)pyrimidine | 19752-61-5 | C12H19BrN2O2 |
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2,4-二乙氧基嘧啶 | 2,4-diethoxypyrimidine | 20461-60-3 | C8H12N2O2 |
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2,4-二乙氧基-5-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-Diethoxy-5-methyl-pyrimidin | 7193-87-5 | C9H14N2O2 |
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2,4-二乙氧基-5-氟嘧啶 | 2,4-diethoxy-5-fluoropyrimidine | 155-36-2 | C8H11FN2O2 |
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2,4-二三氟甲基-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 188781-15-9 | C9H6F6N2O2 |
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2,4,6-三甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trimethoxypyrimidine | 13106-85-9 | C7H10N2O3 |
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2,4,6-三甲氧基-5-硝基嘧啶 | 2,4,6-trimethoxy-5-nitropyrimidine | 83356-02-9 | C7H9N3O5 |
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2,4,6-三甲基-5-嘧啶羧酸 | 2,4,6-trimethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 108397-75-7 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2,4,6-三溴嘧啶 | 2,4,6-tribromopyrimidine | 36847-11-7 | C4HBr3N2 |
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2,4,6-三氯嘧啶-5-羧酸甲酯 | Methyl 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 87846-94-4 | C6H3Cl3N2O2 |
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