嘧啶类化合物是一类分子结构中含有两个氮原子的六元杂环化合物,与哒嗪和吡嗪互为同分异构体。由于其分子中存在共轭双键,表现出独特的紫外光谱特性。这类化合物易溶于水,碱性较弱,并且不易发生亲电取代反应;仅在5-位可以进行溴化反应,而不具备硝化或磺化的能力,但容易经历亲核取代反应。
嘧啶及其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,如磺胺嘧啶、巴比妥酸以及维生素B1等。在核酸分子内,有三种重要的嘧啶类碱基:尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶;其中,在DNA中主要包含胞嘧啶与胸腺嘧啶,而在RNA中则主要含有胞嘧啶及尿嘧啶,并且在某些特定的核酸中还可能发现少量的嘧啶修饰碱基。此外,许多药物分子如磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄氨嘧啶和6-巯基嘌呤等都含有嘧啶环。
作为重要的医药原料,嘧啶及其衍生物被用于生产多种药物,例如维生素B1、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶及磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶等。同时,它们也是农药的重要组成部分,包括二嗪农、嘧啶醇、灭瘟素、除草定、喃啶草、鼠立死、环菌灵、甲菌定、乙菌定、磺嘧菌灵、比嗪农、抗蚜威、乙基虫螨磷、虫螨磷、多氧霉素等。此外,作为染料的原料,具有三卤化嘧啶核结构的化合物因其与纤维之间的良好反应性,已成为一种备受关注的反应染料。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,4-双(二乙氨基)-6-氟嘧啶 | 2,4-Bis(diethylamino)-6-fluoro-pyrimidine | 1648-44-8 | C12H21FN4 |
| 2,4-双(4-吗啉基)-6-氯嘧啶 | 2,4-[bis(morpholino)]-6-chloropyrimidine | 10244-24-3 | C12H17ClN4O2 |
| 2,4-二羟基噻吩[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 1H-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione | 18740-38-0 | C6H4N2O2S |
| 2,4-二羟基呋喃并[3,2-D]嘧啶 | furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diol | 956034-06-3 | C6H4N2O3 |
| 2,4-二羟基吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 7-deazaxanthine | 39929-79-8 | C6H5N3O2 |
| 2,4-二羟基-5-嘧啶硼酸 | uracil-5-boronic acid | 70523-22-7 | C4H5BN2O4 |
| 2,4-二碘嘧啶 | 2,4-diiodopyrimidine | 262353-34-4 | C4H2I2N2 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶-6-甲酸 | 2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid | 59864-30-1 | C7H8N2O4 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-胺 | 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-amine | 14048-15-8 | C6H9N3O2 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-硼酸频哪醇酯 | 2,4-dimethoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrimidine | 936250-17-8 | C12H19BN2O4 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-硼酸 | 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-ylboronic acid | 89641-18-9 | C6H9BN2O4 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶-5-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 15400-58-5 | C8H10N2O4 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine | 3551-55-1 | C6H8N2O2 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基5-嘧啶-甲醛 | 2,4-dimethoxy-5-pyrimidine carboxaldehyde | 52606-02-7 | C7H8N2O3 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基-6-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylpyrimidine | 7781-23-9 | C7H10N2O2 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基-5H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶 | 2,4-dimethoxy-5H-pyrrolo<3,2-d>pyrimidine | 84538-40-9 | C8H9N3O2 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基-5-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-pyrimidin | 5151-34-8 | C7H10N2O2 |
| 2,4-二甲氧基-5-嘧啶羧酸 | 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 110821-07-3 | C7H8N2O4 |
| 2,4-二甲基嘧啶-5-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2,4-dimethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 2226-86-0 | C9H12N2O2 |
| 2,4-二甲基嘧啶-5-甲酸 | 2,4-dimethylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 74356-36-8 | C7H8N2O2 |
| 2,4-二甲基-6-羟基嘧啶 | 4-hydroxy 2,6-dimethylpyrimidine | 6622-92-0 | C6H8N2O |
| 2,4-二甲基-5-羟基嘧啶 | 2,4-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol | 412003-95-3 | C6H8N2O |
| 2,4-二甲基-5-氨基嘧啶 | 2,4-dimethyl-5-pyrimidinamine | 35733-53-0 | C6H9N3 |
| 2,4-二甲基-5-嘧啶甲醇 | (2,4-dimethyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol | 698-28-2 | C7H10N2O |
| 2,4-二溴嘧啶 | 2,4-dibromopyrimidine | 3921-01-5 | C4H2Br2N2 |
| 2,4-二溴-6-三氟甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-dibromo-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine | 785778-00-9 | C5HBr2F3N2 |
| 2,4-二溴-5-甲基嘧啶 | 2,4-dibromo-5-methyl-pyrimidine | 494194-61-5 | C5H4Br2N2 |
| 2,4-二氯噻吩并[3,2-D]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichlorothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 16234-14-3 | C6H2Cl2N2S |
| 2,4-二氯噻吩[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 18740-39-1 | C6H2Cl2N2S |
| 2,4-二氯嘧啶-5-羧酸 | 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid | 37131-89-8 | C5H2Cl2N2O2 |
| 2,4-二氯嘧啶-5-磺酰氯 | 2,6-Dichlorpyrimidin-5-sulfonylchlorid | 23920-08-3 | C4HCl3N2O2S |
| 2,4-二氯嘧啶-5-甲酰胺 | 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carboxamide | 1240390-28-6 | C5H3Cl2N3O |
| 2,4-二氯嘧啶 | 2,6-Dichloropyrimidine | 3934-20-1 | C4H2Cl2N2 |
| 2,4-二氯呋喃并[3,2-D]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichlorofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 956034-07-4 | C6H2Cl2N2O |
| 2,4-二氯呋喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichlorofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 1000577-84-3 | C6H2Cl2N2O |
| 2,4-二氯吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 126728-20-9 | C7H3Cl2N3 |
| 2,4-二氯吡咯[3,2-D]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 63200-54-4 | C6H3Cl2N3 |
| 2,4-二氯-[1]苯并噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichlorobenzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 160199-05-3 | C10H4Cl2N2S |
| 2,4-二氯-N-乙基-5-嘧啶甲胺 | N-((2,4-Dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)ethanamine | 1289386-18-0 | C7H9Cl2N3 |
| 2,4-二氯-N-(1-甲基乙基)-5-嘧啶甲胺 | (2,4-Dichloro-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-isopropyl-amine | 1289387-95-6 | C8H11Cl2N3 |
| 2,4-二氯-8,9-二氢-5H-嘧啶并[4,5-d]氮杂卓-7(6h)-羧酸苄酯 | Benzyl 2,4-dichloro-8,9-dihydro-5H-pyrimido[4,5-D]azepine-7(6H)-carboxylate | 1207362-38-6 | C16H15Cl2N3O2 |
| 2,4-二氯-7H吡咯[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 90213-66-4 | C6H3Cl2N3 |
| 2,4-二氯-7-甲基噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 35265-83-9 | C7H4Cl2N2S |
| 2,4-二氯-7,7-二甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-7,7-dimethyl-5,7-dihydrofuro[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 1260088-72-9 | C8H8Cl2N2O |
| 2,4-二氯-6-甲氧基甲基-嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidine | 1037543-27-3 | C6H6Cl2N2O |
| 2,4-二氯-6-甲氧基嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxypyrimidine | 43212-41-5 | C5H4Cl2N2O |
| 2,4-二氯-6-甲基噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶 | 2,4-dichloro-6-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine | 35265-82-8 | C7H4Cl2N2S |
| 2,4-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate | 36745-93-4 | C7H6Cl2N2O2 |
| 2,4-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶-5-甲腈 | 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 56035-64-4 | C6H3Cl2N3 |
| 2,4-二氯-6-甲基嘧啶 | Sulfuric acid--4,6-diamino-5-hydroxypyrimidin-2(1H)-one (1/2) | 102783-67-5 | C8H14N8O8S |